THE FUTURE OF THE INTEGRATED LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Marshall Breeding Director for Innovative Technology and Research Vanderbilt University Library Founder and Publisher, Library Technology Guides Nov, 2010 LATN Webinar

Summary  Marshall Breeding will present an overview of the current state of library automation, with a glimpse into the current and future trends involving integrated library systems. As library automation products mature and as demands increase for more openness and interoperability, we see increased emphasis on open source software and application programming interfaces as key differentiators. Discovery interfaces play an ever more important role, representing a decoupling between the ILS and other products that specialize in end-user presentation.

Library Technology Guides

Lib-web-cats Technology Profile

Lib-web-cats extended for RFID Products

ILS market in Australia – Public

ILS market in Australia – Academic

Lib-web-cats tech profile

Library Journal Automation Marketplace  Published annually in April 1 issue  Based on data provided by each vendor  Focused primarily on North America  Context of global library automation market

Annual Industry report published in Library Journal:  2010: ???  2009: Investing in the Future  2008: Opportunity out of turmoil  2007: An industry redefined  2006: Reshuffling the deck  2005: Gradual evolution  2004: Migration down, innovation up  2003: The competition heats up  2002: Capturing the migrating customer LJ Automation Marketplace

New Models… … no longer an industry where companies compete on the basis of the best or the most features in similar products but one where companies distinguish themselves through products and services that define different futures for their library customers.

Core Systems… Although ILS sales no longer completely define the library automation market, new sales and ongoing support of these flagship products continue as the largest and most reliable revenue stream.

General Findings  Moderately slow year for Core ILS products  Strong sales in Discovery Products  Strategy to move forward with new user interfaces and defer investments in ILS replacement  Current products deliver modern interfaces, while mainly addressing local content (ILS / local digital)  Emerging products bring vast collections of articles into the primary discovery layer: Web-scale discovery

Key Context: Libraries in Transition  Academic  Shift from Print > Electronic  Increasing emphasis on subscribed content, especially articles and databases  Public  Increased emphasis on patron engagement – on premises and via the Web  Strong emphasis on digitizing local collections  Demands for enterprise integration and interoperability  Period of crisis for many libraries through reduced funding

Key Context: Library Users in Transition  New generations of library users:  Millennial generation Self sufficient – reluctant to seek assistance Receptive to self-service Perceive themselves as competent to use information tools without help  Web savvy / Digital natives  Pervasive Web 2.0 concepts  Inherently collaborative work styles

Key Context: Technologies in transition  XML / Web services / Service-oriented Architecture  Beyond Web 2.0 Integration of social computing into core infrastructure  Local computing shifting to cloud platforms SaaS / private cloud / public cloud  Full spectrum of devices full-scale / net book / tablet / mobile Mobile the current focus, but is only one example of device and interface cycles

LMS: a legacy concept?  LMS = Integrated Library System (Cataloging + Circulation + OPAC + Serials + Acquisitions)  Focused on print and physical inventory  Electronic content at the Journal Title or collection level  Emerged in the 1960’s – 1970’s  Functionality has evolved and expanded, but basic concepts and modules remain intact  Note: Some companies work toward evolving the LMS to competently handle both print and digital content (e.g. Innovative Interfaces)

Rethinking library automation  Fundamental assumption: Print + Digital = Hybrid libraries  Traditional ILS model not adequate for hybrid libraries  Libraries currently moving toward surrounding core ILS with additional modules to handle electronic content  New discovery layer interfaces replacing or supplementing ILS OPACS  Working toward a new model of library automation  Monolithic legacy architectures replaced by fabric of SOA applications  Comprehensive Resource Management “It's Time to Break the Mold of the Original ILS” Computers in Libraries Nov/Dec 2007

Competing Models of Library Automation  Traditional Proprietary Commercial ILS  Millennium, Symphony, Polaris  Traditional Open Source ILS  Evergreen, Koha  Clean slate automation framework (SOA, enterprise-ready)  Ex Libris URM, OLE Project  Cloud-based automation system  WorldCat Local (+circ, acq, license management)

OCLC Web-scale Management Service  "the first Web-scale, cooperative library management service”  New highly scaleable platform for WorldCat  Cataloging  Interlibrary loan  Discovery (WorldCat Local)  Circulation  Acquisitions  License Management  Early deployments underway now – UTC, Pepperdine, etc In Challenge to ILS Industry, OCLC Extends WorldCat Local To Launch New Library System Marshall Breeding, Library Journal 4/23/

Open Source Library Automation  Koha  Evergreen  Kuali OLE

The Shrinking LMS  The Library Management System no longer stands as the single library automation product that provides comprehensive support for all aspects of library operations.  Many libraries putting much less emphasis on LMS  Manages workflows related to physical materials  Investments in electronic content increasing  Management of e-content handled outside of the ILS

…shrinking LMS  Yet: libraries need comprehensive business automation more than ever. Mandate for more efficient operations. Do more with less.  Proliferation of automation products needed to handle all aspects of libraries can overwhelm many libraries  Libraries lack technical personnel and needed capital to purchase and manage multiple systems

Legacy LMS Model Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores

Closed Systems Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules: No programmable Access to the system. Captive to the user Interfaces supplied by the developer Programmer access:

Breaking out of the mold  Academic and Research libraries especially struggle with how to deal with managing increasing proportions of licensed electronic content  LMS geared toward print materials  New products aim to manage library resources spanning print and electronic; owned or licensed  Examples: Ex Libris URM, Kuali OLE

Legacy ILS + e-content modules Federated Search Circulation Acquisitions Cataloging Serials OpenURL Linking Electronic Resource Mgmt System Staff Interfaces: End User Interfaces: Data Stores: Functional modules:

LMS / Electronic Resource Management Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces ` License Management License Terms E-resource Procurement Vendors E-Journal Titles Protocols: CORE

LMS / Electronic Resource Management Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitions Serials + e-resources Online Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces License manager License Terms Print + Electronic

Application Programming Interfaces  A set of tools used by programmers to:  Extend Functionality  Connect external systems  Extract or synchronize data  Proprietary API’s common in LMS space  Moving toward open API’s and Web Services

` Legacy ILS Model / API Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Interfaces Business Logic Data Stores Application Programming Interfaces

Legacy ILS Model / protocol Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH Self-Check Interlibrary Loan System Interlibrary Loan System

Legacy ILS Model / External API Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Public Interfaces: Application Programming Interfaces / Web Services Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH External Systems & Services Flexible Interoperability

Benefits of APIs to Libraries  Extensibility  Interoperability  Allows the LMS to connect with other automation components  Create a matrix of interconnected systems rather than isolated silos with redundant data and functionality  LMS maturity means similar levels of functionality  LMS products increasingly differentiated by extent and quality of APIs and interoperability support

Decoupled Discovery  Online Catalogs delivered with LMS products seen as not suitable for current Web-savvy library uses  Need to modernize the interface  Expand the scope to encompass all aspects of library collections

Evolution of library collection discovery tools  Bound handwritten catalogs  Card Catalogs  Library online catalogs – OPACs  Next-Gen Catalogs / Discovery interfaces  Social Discovery  Web-scale discovery services  Comprehensive presentation layer services

Bound Catalog National Library of Colombia

Card Catalog National Library of Argentina

Card Catalog National and University Library, Slovenia

Card Catalog

University of Kansas Library

Online Card Catalog Salem International University

Computerized card catalog

Online Catalog Search: Search Results ILS Data

Web-based online catalog

Disjointed approach to information and service delivery  Silos Prevail  Books: Library OPAC (ILS module)  Articles: Aggregated content products, e-journal collections  OpenURL linking services  E-journal finding aids (Often managed by link resolver)  Subject guides (e.g. Springshare LibGuides)  Local digital collections ETDs, photos, rich media collections  Metasearch engines  All searched separately

Federated Search  Simultaneous search of library catalog and selected remote resources of electronic content  Based on live, dynamic queries cast to multiple targets  Limited result sets, slow performance  Search and retrieval protocols: Z39.50, XML gateways

Federated Search Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Real-time query and responses ILS Data

Modernized Interface  Single search box  Query tools  Did you mean  Type-ahead  Relevance ranked results  Faceted navigation  Enhanced visual displays  Cover art  Summaries, reviews,  Recommendation services

Discovery Products

Decoupled from ILS

Discovery Interface Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Real-time query and responses ILS Data Local Index MetaSearch Engine

Endeca

AquaBrowser

LS2 PAC

VuFind VuFind: Villanova University

Differentiation in Discovery  Products increasingly specialized between public and academic libraries  Public libraries: emphasis on engagement with physical collection  Academic libraries: concern for discovery of heterogeneous material types, especially books + articles + digital objects

Discovery from Local to Web-scale  Initial products focused on technology  AquaBrowser, Endeca, Primo, Encore, VuFind  Mostly locally-installed software  Current phase focused on pre-populated indexes that aim to deliver Web-scale discovery  Summon (Serials Solutions)  WorldCat Local (OCLC)  EBSCO Discovery Service (EBSCO)  Primo Central  Encore with Article Integration

Web-scale Discovery Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data

Web-scale Search + Federated Search Search: Digital Collections ProQuest … MLA Bibliography ABC-CLIO Search Results Pre-built harvesting and indexing Consolidated Index ILS Data Fed Search Non- harvestable Resources Non- harvestable Resources Interim model to deal with resources not possible to harvest into consolidated index

Summon

EBSCO Discovery Service

Primo / Primo Central

Social Discovery  Builds on modernized library catalog interfaces  Strong emphasis on Web 2.0 concepts  Users invited to contribute reviews, ratings, preferences, reading lists, etc.  User-supplied data becomes part of the discovery process  Users help each other to find interesting library materials  Example: Leverage use data for a recommendation service of scholarly content based on link resolver data: Ex Libris bX service

Social Discovery Search: Digital Collections Web site data … User Contributed Content Search Results Local Index ILS Data

BiblioCommons

SoPAC

ILS Model / Discovery ` Circulation BIB Staff Interfaces: Holding / Items Circ Transact UserVendorPolicies $$$ Funds CatalogingAcquisitionsSerialsOnline Catalog Application Programming Interfaces Consolidated index Search Engine Protocols: SIP2 NCIP Z39.50 OAI-PMH Discovery Service Search: Bibliographic Record Harvesting Real time Holdings Display Circulation Status Requests: hold, renew,

ILS Model / Extended Discovery ` API Layer LMS Consolidated index Search Engine Discovery Service Search: Digital Collections ProQuest EBSCOhost … JSTOR Other Resources

Consolidated index Search Engine Discovery Service Search: Digital Coll ProQuest EBSCO … JSTOR Other Resources New Library Management Model ` API Layer Library Management System Learning Management Enterprise Resource Planning Stock Management Self-Check / Automated Return Authentication Service Smart Cad / Payment systems

LMS as Middleware  LMS provides strategic core of automation  Less involved with end-user contact  Discovery for Web-based collection discovery and user services  Self-service stations for loans and returns  Smart-card and payment systems

Questions and discussion