Chapter 18: Texas & the Civil War Section 1: Slavery & States’ Rights

Thinking Question What is a civil war? How is it different from a normal war?

Growing National Divisions Nation divided along sectional lines: –North: Industrial economy –South: Agricultural economy

Growing National Divisions

North and South divided by social and economic differences Southerners were generally against higher tariffs on manufactured goods

Chevrolet SilveradoToyota Tundra $15,000$12,000

Chevrolet SilveradoToyota Tundra $15,000$12,000 + $5,000 tariff = $17,000

Growing National Divisions States’ Rights—the belief that state power is greater than federal power Westward Expansion: –Texas –Mexican Cession

Growing National Divisions Compromise of 1850 & Fugitive Slave Act Kansas-Nebraska Act—allowed the Kansas and Nebraska Territories to decide whether to be free or slave states Violated the Missouri Compromise

Growing National Divisions Houston one of the few southerners to oppose Kansas- Nebraska Act Houston’s opposition to the act cost him many friends in Texas. Sam Houston

Growing National Divisions Dred Scott decision (1857): –African Americans are not citizens and could not sue –Congress could not ban slavery in the territories Dred Scott

Growing National Divisions John Brown’s raid (1859): –Led raid on federal arsenal to start a slave revolt –Hanged for treason John Brown

Texas Joins the Confederacy 1860: Abraham Lincoln elected president Secede—to formally withdraw President Abraham Lincoln

Texas Joins the Confederacy South Carolina: first state to secede from the Union Leaders in Texas call for a special meeting of the legislature to consider secession Gov. Sam Houston warned Texans that the North was determined to keep the Union together.

“Some of you laugh to scorn the idea of bloodshed as the result of secession, but let me tell you what is coming....Your fathers and husbands, your sons and brothers, will be herded at the point of the bayonet....You may after the sacrifice of countless millions of treasure and hundreds of thousands of lives, as a bare possibility, win Southern independence...but I doubt it. I tell you that, while I believe with you in the doctrine of state rights, the North is determined to preserve this Union. They are not a fiery, impulsive people as you are, for they live in colder climates. But when they begin to move in a given direction...they move with the steady momentum and perseverance of a mighty avalanche; and what I fear is, they will overwhelm the South. “ --Sam Houston

Texas Joins the Confederacy Houston tried to delay Secession Convention Secession Convention meets January 28, 1861 February 1, 1761: Delegates approve secession

Texas Joins the Confederacy Texans strongly supported secession: –45,153 for secession –14,747 against secession

The Confederacy Seceding states formed a government called the Confederate States of America

The Confederacy Constitution emphasized supremacy of states and right to hold slaves Jefferson Davis elected president Jefferson Davis

The Confederacy March 4, 1861: Texas Secession Convention reassembles to write new constitution Gov. Houston was removed from office when he refused to take an oath of allegiance to the Confederacy.

Sam Houston dies July 26, 1863 in Huntsville, Texas