Cloud Computing Lecture Muhammad Ahmad Jan

Lecture Outline  Brief History  Evolution of Cloud Computing  Cloud Computing  Cloud Service Delivery Models  Cloud Deployment Models  Multi-tenancy in Cloud

Brief History of Cloud Computing

Evolution of Cloud Computing

Distributed Computing Parallel Computing Grid Computing Cloud Computing Ubiquitous Computing

Evolution of Cloud Computing Cloud computing has its antecedents both client server computing and peer to peer distributed computing. It’s all a matter of how centralized storage facilities collaboration and how multiple computer works together to increase computing power.

Client Server Computing Centralized Applications and Storage All the software applications, all the data and all the control resided on huge mainframe computers, otherwise known as servers. Users connected to the server via a computer terminal, sometimes called a workstation or client. This computer was sometimes callled a dumb terminal because it didn’t have a lot memory, storage space and processing power.

Sharing Resources The obvious need to connect one computer to another without first hitting the server led to the development of peer to peer (P2P) computing. P2P computing defines a network architecture in which each computer has equivalent capabilities and responsibilities. Peer to Peer Computing

Distributed Computing Providing More Computing Power When a computer is enlisted for a distributed computing project, software is installed on the machine to run various processing activities during those periods when PC is typically unused. It’s a simple concept, all about cycle sharing between multiple computers.

Collaborative Computing Working as Group Early group collaboration was enabled by the combination of several different P2P technologies. The goal was to enable multiple users to collaborate on group projects online, in real time. Most collaboration systems offer the complete range of audio/video options for full-featured multiple user video conferencing.

Real-time whiteboarding is also common, especially in corporate and education environments. Whiteboarding is where one or more users “draw” on a virtual whiteboard that is viewable by all the members of the group. Collaborative Computing

Parallel Computing Use of two or more processors (cores, computers) in combination to solve a single problem with the objective of running a program in less time …

Grid Computing Sharing Resources Refer to resource-pooled environments for running compute jobs ( like image processing) rather than long processes such as a website or server. This can be as simple as collection of computers of similar computers running on the same operating system or as complex as inter- networked systems comprised of every computer platform you can think of.

Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing Pervasive computing (also called ubiquitous computing) is the growing trend towards embedding microprocessors in everyday objects so they can communicate information. The words pervasive and ubiquitous mean "existing everywhere." Pervasive computing devices are completely connected and constantly available.

Cloud Computing

High performance networks and advanced development of internet is the basis for cloud computing. Cloud computing has started taking shape incorporating virtualization and on demand deployment and internet delivery of services. Cloud Computing - Introduction

Cloud is a pool of virtualized computer resources networked, which can:  Host a variety of workloads.  Batch-style back-end jobs.  Interactive user-facing applications.  Workloads can be deployed and scaled out quickly through the rapid provisioning of virtual machines or physical machines.  Support redundant, self recovering, highly scalable programming models that allow workloads to recover from many unavoidable hardware / software failures.  Monitor resource use in real time to enable rebalancing of allocations when needed.. Cloud Computing - Definition

Conventional vs Cloud Computing Conventional Manually Provisioned Dedicated Hardware Fixed Capacity Pay for Capacity Capital & Operational Expenses Cloud Self-provisioned Shared Hardware Elastic Capacity Pay for Use Operational Expenses

Key Characteristics

On-demand self-service  Get computing capabilities as needed automatically Broad network access  Services available over the net using desktop, laptop, PDA, mobile phone Resource pooling  Location independence  Provider resources pooled to server multiple clients Rapid elasticity  Ability to quickly scale in/out service Measured service  control, optimize services based on metering Cloud Computing - Key Attributes

Cloud Computing - Basic Components

Advantages and Disadvantages

Cost: Organizations spend a huge amount of money on establishing IT infrastructure. Cloud technology saves organizations money by converting Capital expenditure into operational expenditure. Organizations have to pay only for the service they use. Device and location independence: Cloud computing enables the users to access the services using a simple web browser regardless of their location and device used. Reliability: In case of any hazard, users can recover their applications rapidly using automatic recovery and automatic backups. Scalability: Cloud computing offers centralized services. Any updates will directly affect all end users. Cloud Computing - advantages

Fewer Maintenance issues: Cloud computing greatly reduces both hardware and software maintenance for organizations of all sizes. Increased Data safety: Unlike desktop computing, where a harddisk crash can destroy all your valuable data, a computer crashing in cloud doesn’t effect the storage of your data. That’s because data in the cloud is automatically duplicated, so nothing is ever lost. Simplify app deployment and management: Common programming model across mobile, browser, client, server, cloud. Application deployment is automatic and easier Cloud Computing - advantages

Multi tenancy: Cloud computing enables the sharing of resources and costs among all of its users. Increased Storage: Organizations can store more data than on private computer systems. Highly Automated: Organizational IT staff must not need to worry about software updates, cloud computing automatically do it. Availability: Cloud services are 24 hours throughout the week are available. (High Uptime) Lower cost computers for users: You don’t need a high powered computers to run cloud computing’s web based applications. Because the application runs in the cloud, not on the desktop PC. The client computers in cloud computing can be lower priced, with smaller hard disk, less memory and processing power. Cloud Computing - advantages

Cloud Computing - disadvantages Data Security: Companies feel uncomfortable because their data is not stored in their premises. Cloud computing is still, a new technology. It has not yet wins the customer’s trust. Data security is an important issue for cloud computing. Privacy: Privacy is another issue with cloud servers. Ensuring that a client’s data is not accessed by any unauthorized users is of great importance for any cloud service. Loss of Control: As users data is in the hands of cloud service providers and they have no direct access to their data. So they lose their control over the data.

Cloud Computing - disadvantages High bandwidth and Speed: All services are accessed via internet. So high internet bandwidth and speed is required, otherwise users may not have access to data and applications. Knowledge: Still there is no proper knowledge for implementing and managing SLA contracts with CSP’s. It needs to be further improved. Integration: Another issue associated with cloud computing is integration. It is difficult to integrate organization’s hardware equipments with the equipments used by CSP’s.

Cloud Computing Architecture

Body Cloud Computing Architecture

Cloud Service Models

Service models are the reference models on which the cloud computing is based on. These can be categorized into three basic service models. Cloud Service Delivery Models

Cloud Service Delivery Models - Example

Cloud Computing Framework

Virtual Infrastructure management and Cloud Computing For building the cloud environment a variety of requirements must be met to provide a uniform and homogeneous view of the virtualized resources. Virtual Infrastructure Management is the key component to build the cloud environment which does the dynamic orchestration of virtual machines on a pool of physical resources used by CSP’s.

Virtual Infrastructure management and Cloud Computing Virtual infrastructure management provide primitives to schedule and manage VMs across multiple physical hosts. Cloud management provide remote and secure interface for creating controlling and monitoring virtualized resources on IaaS.

SaaS model allows to use software applications as a service to end users. SaaS is a software delivery methodology that provides licensed multi-tenant access to software and its functions remotely as a web service. Increasingly becoming popular with small and medium size enterprises Software as a Service (SaaS) SaaS Offerings Customer Resource Planning (CRM), Financial Planning, Payroll System, video conferencing, word processing Service Providers Salesforce, cloud, Google apps, etc.

 It is a Deployment/Delivery model Hosted and managed by vendor Delivered across the internet  It is a Business Model : usage-based pricing (vs. perpetual license model of on –premise software).  Examples: Per user per month Per transaction Per GB of storage per month Software as a Service (SaaS)

PaaS provides the runtime environment for applications, development and deployment tools, etc. PaaS provides all of the facilities required to support the complete life cycle of building and delivering web applications and services entirely from the Internet. Typically applications must be developed with a platform in mind Multi-tenant environments Highly scalable multi tier architecture Platform as a Service (PaaS)

IaaS is the delivery of technology infrastructure as an on demand scalable service. IaaS provides access to fundamental resources as physical machines, virtual machines, virtual storage, etc. Usually billed based on usage Usually multi-tenant virtualized environment Can be coupled with managed services for OS and application support Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Cloud Service Delivery Models - advantages Pay per use Instant Scalability Security Reliability APIs Faster application rollout Reduce infrastructure management responsibility

Cloud Service Delivery Models - disadvantages Data Security Downtime Access Dependency Outages can be disastrous If I want to make changes now, what will I do?

Cloud Deployment Models

Deployment models defines the type of access to the cloud i.e how the cloud is located? Cloud can have any of the four types of access public, private, hybrid and community Cloud Deployment Models

The Public Cloud allows systems and services to be easily accessible to the general public. May be less secure because of its openness, e.g . Infrastructure is owned by the vendor Public Cloud Service Providers Amazon Web Services (AWS) and Google Apps engine, sun cloud, IBM’s Blue Cloud etc.

The Private Cloud allows systems and services to be accessible within an organization. It offers increased security because of its private nature. Managed and operated for one organization for consistent level of control over security, privacy, and governance Private Cloud

The Community Cloud allows systems and services to be accessible by group of organizations. special-purpose cloud computing environment shared and managed by a number of related organizations participating in a common domain or vertical market Community Cloud

The Hybrid Cloud is a mixture of public and private cloud. However, the critical activities are performed using private cloud while the non-critical activities are performed using public cloud. Hybrid Cloud

Multi-tenancy

Multi-tenancy is an architectural pattern A single instance of the software is run on the service provider’s infrastructure Multiple tenants access the same instance In contrast to the multi-user model, multi-tenancy requires customizing the single instance according to the multi-faceted requirements of many tenants Multi-tenancy

A Multi-tenants application lets customers (tenants) share the same hardware resources, by offering them one shared application and database instance, while allowing them to configure the application to fit there needs as if it runs on dedicated environment. These definition focus on what we believe to be the key aspects of multi tenancy: 1.The ability of the application to share hardware resources. 2.The offering of a high degree of configurability of the software. 3.The architectural approach in which the tenants make use of a single application and database instance. Multi-tenancy

Multi-tenants deployment modes for application server

Multi-tenants deployment modes in Data Centers

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