CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado Ground-based Radar Measurements of LSOS Snowpack Gilles CASTRES SAINT-MARTIN Kamal SARABANDI Radiation.

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CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado Ground-based Radar Measurements of LSOS Snowpack Gilles CASTRES SAINT-MARTIN Kamal SARABANDI Radiation Laboratory University of Michigan

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado 1.Motivations 2.Experiments 3.Results Outline

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado 1.Radar Remote Sensing of snowpack parameters in a global scale Snow depth Snow density Snow wetness 2.Application of fully-polarimetric L- and Ku-band radars L-band to monitor sub-surface conditions Ku-band to monitor snow volume and sub-surface conditions 1. Motivations Snow-water equivalent

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado 2. Experiments Chose a site at the FEF to study the dynamics of the target: only snowpack parameters are expected to change. Site specifications: ~200 sq meter-open snowpack Snow Conditions: dry during IOP3, wet and melting during IOP4 (limited) Ground Conditions: - Rough surface

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado 2. Experiments Radar specifications: –L-band polarimetric scatterometer Center Frequency: 1.25 GHz Bandwidth: 300 MHz –Ku-band polarimetric scatterometer Center Frequency: GHz Bandwidth: 500 MHz –3 incidence angles: 20, 35 and 50 degrees –4 linear polarizations: VV, VH, HV, HH

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado

Sphere Meas.Snow Meas.Background Meas. Coherent subtraction Calibration (STCT) Post-processingFinal product Data Collection and Processing

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado Calibration of the Ku-band Radar: 14’’ sphere time-domain response Sphere response Antenna aperture

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado IOP3 IOP4 Correlation between the two co-pol backscattering coefficients 3. Results

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado

Incidence angleAverage (in dB) Average (in dB) Standard Deviation (dB) Standard Deviation (dB) Ku-band 20 degrees degrees degrees L-band 20 degrees degrees degrees IOP3 (Feb 19 th -Feb 26 th )

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado

Incidence angleAverage (in dB) Average (in dB) Standard Deviation (dB) Standard Deviation (dB) Ku-band 20 degrees degrees degrees L-band 20 degrees degrees degrees IOP4 (March 25 th -March 30 th )

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado Correlation of the two co-pol backscattering coefficients

CLPX Workshop May 28-29, 2003 Boulder, Colorado

94 fully polarimetric L- and Ku-band radar backscatter measurements of snow from 20 to 50 degrees (IOP3 & IOP4) High quality data, already calibrated Consistent results, with good accuracy In process of writing a report Conclusion