1990s America

1990s America The 1990s... Follow along with the next several slides to examine fifteen trends in 1990s America.

1990s America The 1990s... Follow along with the next several slides to examine fifteen trends in 1990s America. “All that and a bag of chips” “Word” “As if…” “Talk to the hand” “I’m going to open up a can of whoop ***”

TREND #1: THE END OF THE COLD WAR

1990 Communism ends in Yugoslavia, but the following years see the nation break apart due to ethnic battles and genocide.

1992 The United States is drawn into the Bosnia-Herzegovia conflict over the course of the next few years, until finally taking decisive action in 1995. The actions of the United States during the crisis re-establish America’s credibility as a benevolent superpower in the absence of Cold War tensions.

1991 Eleven Soviet satellite nations declare independence Estonia Georgia Armenia Belarus Kyrgyzstan Azerbaijan Moldova Latvia Ukraine Uzbekistan Tajikistan

1991 Boris Yeltsin is elected President of Russia in its first free elections

1991 Communists try to take back power in Russia by staging a coup and taking Gorbachev prisoner. President Yeltsin defiantly stands up on a tank out side the captured Kremlin, tells the people to go on strike and the communists to step down…

1991 …The Communist flee. The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) ENDS 1991 …And The Former Soviet Union Becomes The Russian Federation

1992

TREND #2: THE GULF WAR

Gulf War – The first major post-Cold War conflict that the U. S Gulf War – The first major post-Cold War conflict that the U.S. became involved in was the Gulf War. Starting over oil and a breach of Kuwait’s sovereignty, the U.S. led coalition forces in repelling Sadaam Hussein’s Iraqi forces. It also represented the first war that was brought live to American televisions.

1990 Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein, invades Kuwait 1990 Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein, invades Kuwait. The USA, along with the UN, gives an ultimatum, leave Kuwait or face war.

1991 The Gulf War Jan. 17th –Feb. 28th Saddam Hussein refused to comply with US and UN demands to leave Kuwait. Combined forces invade to liberate Kuwait.

CAUSES Soviet Arms Sales Oil in Kuwait Iraq’s Annexation Iraq was a Cold War ally of the Soviet Union, and had many weapons from them Oil in Kuwait Iraq accused Kuwait of oil price-gauging, and of drilling for oil over the Iraq border Iraq’s Annexation Since Iraq felt Kuwait was once part of the Ottoman Empire (therefore Iraqi territory), they moved to take over

DETAILS Coalition of forces Iraqis pushed out Ceasefire 34 Nations from the U.N. agreed to come to the defense of Kuwait, which had been invaded by Iraq Iraqis pushed out After weeks of aerial bombings, ground forces moved in to push the Iraqis out, needing only 4 days Ceasefire The UN drafted a ceasefire with Iraq after they left Kuwait

FIGURES George H.W. Bush Norman Schwarzkopf Sadaam Hussein US president during Gulf War Norman Schwarzkopf American General; Commander of Coalition forces in the Gulf War Sadaam Hussein President of Iraq from 1979-2003 with nationalist and socialist leanings

EFFECTS Kuwait Liberated The Iraqis were forced out of Kuwait with the help of Coalition forces

George H. W. Bush was the U. S. President at the time George H. W. Bush was the U.S. President at the time. And although the war wasn’t nearly as unpopular as the Vietnam War of the 1960s and 1970s, many suggest that it may have been too much about money and oil, and some suggest that it may have cost him the reelection. The War ended with a ceasefire, but the U.S. invaded Iraq again the next decade as part of the post-9/11 “War on Terror.”

TREND #3: THE DIGITAL REVOLUTION

1991 Super Nintendo launch. $199

1993 Pentium Processor introduced. Computers double in speed. 3 1993 Pentium Processor introduced. Computers double in speed. 3.3 million processes per second (today’s computers can process trillions of processes per second)

1994 The First Digital Camera (commercially) The Apple Quicktake 1994 The First Digital Camera (commercially) The Apple Quicktake. Not even one megapixel. You can’t delete. You can’t print.

1994 The SONY Play Station premieres

1995 DVDs make their appearance

1996 First Portable Cell Phone is the Motorola StarTAC Cost? $1000

1998 Bill Gates is the richest man in the world with a net worth over $60 billion. Microsoft is worth $261 Billion and is the wealthiest company in the world.

1999 Y2K Fears World worries that computers will shut down in 2000 1999 Y2K Fears World worries that computers will shut down in 2000. Computer infrastructure was coded with only the last two numerals of the year, leading to concerns that financial software would not be able to process the conversion to the year 2000.

TREND #4: THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNET

1990s America The Internet Revolution (1990s)

1990 English engineer and computer scientist, Sir Tim Berners-Lee and Belgian computer scientist Robert Cailliau propose something called the World Wide Web

The Internet Revolution Although the foundations of internet technology date back to the 1980s, 1970s, and even the 1960s, the internet was not widely available until the 1990s. In 1993, the internet accounted for 1% of all telecommunications. Today, it is nearly 99% of all telecommunications (driven by information, commerce, social media, etc.).

The Internet Revolution It almost seems comical to watch adults of the 1990s try to describe the new phenomenon called “internet”. And it is now equally hard to imagine a world without it. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UlJku_CSyNg

1995 YAHOO! Started by Jerry Yang and David Filo

1996 Pierre Omidyar starts ebay First item sold: A broken laser pointer $14.83 Company’s Value: $9 Billion

1998 Google becomes a company Sergey Brin 1998 Google becomes a company Larry Page

Internet hosts 1991-2009 Numbers in millions 25 billion websites 1.8 billion people use the internet in 2010 10 million websites

TREND #5: ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

Prosperity – Just as the close of World War II led to an economically booming 1950s, the close of the Cold War led to an economically booming 1990s in the United States. In fact, the Dow Jones climbed above 10,000 for the first time toward the end of the decade. Dow Jones Index Stock Market 

Thanks in part to the Internet and the tech industry boom that followed, 1990s America experienced its largest peacetime industrial boom in history. Also, the 1996 Welfare Reform Act worked to lower poverty rates in the United States. From 1990 – 1999, personal income levels in America doubled (on average). This fueled a new age of American consumerism during the 1990s.

NAFTA In 1994, the United States, Canada, and Mexico entered into the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), a unilateral rules-based trade block that opened the United States to many tariff-free exchanges with its northern and southern neighbors. Since the ratification of the agreement, U.S. trade of goods and services with Canada and Mexico nearly quadrupled to $1.2 trillion. However, the AFL-CIO suggests that nearly 700,000 American manufacturing jobs have since been lost to Mexico.

The new economic prosperity ushered in by the Internet and the digital revolution led to a resurgence of consumerism during the 1990s…

1993 debut

1996 Gel Pens make their appearance. Everybody had to have them.

1997 Nintendo introduces Pokemon 1997 Nintendo introduces Pokemon. Spawns cards, games, toys, and a TV show.

1998 The Asian Financial Crisis hits The financial crisis in Asia affected global markets and eventually led to the United States government to bail out American financial markets and helped usher in a global economic recession.

TREND #6– SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY INNOVATIONS

1990 Hubble Telescope is launched The Hubble Telescope has recorded some of the most detailed visible-light images ever, allowing a deep view into space and time

1991 Australian Geneticists isolate the gene for “blue” and manipulate Blue Roses.

1991 Otzi The Iceman is found in an Italian glacier 1991 Otzi The Iceman is found in an Italian glacier. 5,300 year old mummy.

1991 Airbags invented

1994 Jupiter is hit by 24 fragments of the Shoemaker-Levy Comet

1996 Dolly is the first successful mammal cloned

1996 “Mad Cow Disease” hits the UK 1996 “Mad Cow Disease” hits the UK. Bovine spongiform encephalopathy caused 10 deaths.

1997 Avian Bird Flu jumps from China to Hong Kong and kills a person 1997 Avian Bird Flu jumps from China to Hong Kong and kills a person. Hong Kong eliminates 1.5 million chickens.

1998 The Galileo Probe discovers ice at Europa’s (one of Jupiter’s moons) poles.

1998 The I. S. S. (International Space Station) is begun 1998 The I.S.S. (International Space Station) is begun. Completed in 2011. It maintains an orbit between 278 km (173 mi) and 460 km (286 mi) altitude, and travels at an average speed of 27,724 km/h (17,227 mph), completing 15.7 orbits per day.

1998 Sen. John Glenn returns to space, aboard Space Shuttle Discovery, at 77 years of age.

Oct.12, 1999 World Population hits 6 Billion

DARN 2000 A rough draft of The Human Genome Project is completed. It includes over 3.3 billion sequences.

TREND #7-- ENVIRONMENTALISM

Environmentalism On the heels of the Civil Rights Movement (1960s) came many other movements (Chicano Movement, Native American Movement, Feminist Movement, etc.), but one particular movement gained steam. In the 1990s, activist groups brought to national attention issues such as oil spills, drilling in Alaska, energy conservation, and even the first debates about global warming.

As the video link below suggests, Margaret Thatcher, the British Prime Minister at the time (and a staunch conservative), may have been the first world leader to mention or take global warming seriously in 1989. The 1990s only saw the issue become more and more mainstream, especially in the landscape of American politics. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fys5Z63xCvA

In recent years, environmentally conscious people have become more then norm, but in the 1990s, many environmentalists were negatively stereotyped as “tree-huggers” or “animal-lovers”.

TREND #8– THE EURO

1999 The Euro is introduced. Used in 16 of the 27 members of the European Economic Community (EEC)

Euro Market Vs. U.S. Market (1999) Euro Market Population: 450 million GDP: $9 trillion Top Global Companies: 179 Combined National Debt: $0 U.S. Market Population: 300 million GDP: $10 trillion Top Global Companies: 140 National Debt: $5.7 trillion In 1999, the combined European markets of the European Union (EU) were extremely competitive with the U.S. market.

TREND #9– RACIAL TENSIONS

The 1992 Los Angeles Riots started on April 29, 1992 when a jury acquitted four white LAPD officers accused in the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King following a high-speed pursuit. Thousands of people in Los Angeles rioted for the next week. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sb1WywIpUtY

The 1992 Los Angeles Riots started on April 29, 1992 when a jury acquitted four white LAPD officers accused in the videotaped beating of black motorist Rodney King following a high-speed pursuit. Thousands of people in Los Angeles rioted for the next week.

Widespread looting, assault, arson and murder occurred Widespread looting, assault, arson and murder occurred. Property damage was over $1 billion, thousands were injured and 53 people died. A similar event happened in 2009 in Oakland (though on a smaller scale) after an officer shot an unarmed black man. Rodney King https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UkTFOv-Qzgg

This is just one example of post-Civil Rights race tension that broke out in the 1990s. Other more recent examples persist as well (e.g. Trevon Martin in Florida, Michael Brown in St. Louis).

This is just one example of post-Civil Rights race tension that broke out in the 1990s. Other more recent examples persist as well (e.g. Trevon Martin in Florida, Michael Brown in St. Louis). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P43WZd611WA

1994 OJ Simpson, famous American Football player, is arrested after a slow speed chase for the murder of his ex-wife and her friend. After a 9 month trial, he was acquitted

TREND #10-- MULTICULTURALISM

Multiculturalism The shift to a more multicultural America has always been unfolding, but in some eras the shift is more apparent than in others. The 1990s was a decade of increased immigration and changing racial, ethnic and religious demographics in the United States. For example, the Mexican population in Los Angeles passed 50% in the 1990s. In recent years, the entire state of California has approached the same milestone.

The U.S. Census indicated that the white population in America had shrunk to 75% by the end of the 1990s (2000 Census), a trend that has only continued in recent years. TAKE QUIZ #1 NOW https://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/story.php?title=mtq1ntq2na1g0z

TREND #11– POLITICAL CORRECTNESS

Political Correctness POLITICALLY CORRECT: using words and phrases that are NOT offensive, culturally biased or loaded with suggestive meaning POLITICALLY INCORRECT: using words and phrases that are offensive, culturally biased or loaded with suggestive meaning

POLITICALLY CORRECT: using words and phrases that are NOT offensive, culturally biased or loaded with suggestive meaning POLITICALLY INCORRECT: using words and phrases that are offensive, culturally biased or loaded with suggestive meaning Alongside the growing multiculturalism of the 1990s came the concept of political correctness. To be “politically correct” means using words and phrases that are not offensive, culturally biased or loaded with suggestive meaning. For example, many baby boomers of white America call people of Asian ancestry “Oriental”, a term that could be offensive to some. Younger generations (Gen X and Gen Y) tend to be more politically correct in using the term “Asian”, or even more specific countries of origin instead (Chinese, Japanese, Korean, Vietnamese, etc.).

THEME #12– A NEW AGE OF TERRORISM

1993 Terrorists fill a van with explosives that blow up in the parking garage of the World Trade Center, killing 6.

1995 Oklahoma City Bombing American terrorists bomb the federal building in Oklahoma City, killing 168

1998 Osama Bin Laden, is wanted for crimes in Saudi Arabia 1998 Osama Bin Laden, is wanted for crimes in Saudi Arabia. He issues his “Fatwah” against the US and Israel. "Declaration of War against the Americans Occupying the Land of the Two Holy Places".

1998 US Embassies in Kenya and Tanzania bombed. 224 killed. Osama Bin Laden blamed.

1999 Columbine Two students kill 12 students and a teacher at Columbine High School in Colorado. It is the largest mass school shooting in U.S. history at the time.

TREND #13– PARTISAN POLITICS

Scandal In terms of presidential rankings, Bill Clinton is one of the more popular presidents in U.S. History. However, he is remembered for being caught up in multiple scandals as President in the 1990s.

There had been drug allegations and sexual allegations prior to 1998 (e.g. Paula Jones’ sexual harassment lawsuit) , but the Monica Lewinsky scandal of 1998 led to Clinton’s impeachment.

As a 22-year old White House intern, Lewinsky began a sexual relationship with the President. She confided in a coworker who later recorded her phone conversations. Clinton initially denied the accusations.

President Clinton had told the country on national television that he, “did not have sexual relations with that woman.” He later clarified that he meant certain sexual acts, but not others. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBe_guezGGc

Clinton was certainly not the only President to be unfaithful to his wife. But Republican opponents in congress came after Clinton for his lying about the incident more than for the incident itself.

IMPEACHED, BUT NOT REMOVED FROM OFFICE “Impeachment” just means that a politician was brought up on formal charges, not that he was removed from office. Bill Clinton was one of two presidents to be impeached, though neither he nor Andrew Johnson were removed from office. Many believe that Richard Nixon likely would have been impeached AND removed from office, but he resigned before it went that far. RESIGNED BEFORE THE HE WAS REMOVED IMPEACHED, BUT NOT REMOVED FROM OFFICE

2000 Vice President Al Gore vs. Governor George W. Bush

On election night, George W On election night, George W. Bush had won 246 electoral votes by sweeping the Southern states, including Al Gore’s home state of Tennessee. Gore had won 255 electoral votes by sweeping the northeast, most of the upper midwest states, as well as all of the Pacific coast states. As election night wore on, both candidates waited for the results from Florida, which carried 25 electoral votes.

The Florida vote tally was not completed until 4:30 AM on election night (November 7), and George W. Bush was declared the winner by less than 2,000 votes. Such a closely contested election required a mandatory recount by state law, which was not reported until later in the week. In the recount, Bush led by less than 300 votes. Gore asked for hand recounts in four counties, which was met with varying degrees of resistance. On November 26, the state canvassing board certified Bush as the winner by 537 votes. Gore formally contested the certified results due to perceived inconsistencies in the counting of the votes, particularly with the voting machine counters’ inability to correctly count “hanging chads”, or ballots which were not punched completely through. The Florida Supreme Court ordered a recount of the 70,000 ballots previously rejected by the voting machine counters. The U.S. Supreme Court stepped in and reversed that decision the next day. On December 12th, by a 5-4 vote the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the certified vote total and named George W. Bush the election winner.

Though Gore lost the electoral vote, he won the popular vote by over half a million votes. Additionally, Green Party candidate Ralph Nader took nearly 3% of the vote, which Democrats believed cost Gore the election.

THEME #14– AMERICAN POP CULTURE

Leading rappers from the late 80s and early 90s Hip-Hop The emergence of hip-hop can be traced back further than the 1990s, but the early ‘90s was when hip-hop truly went mainstream. Roots of Hip Hop can be found in Rock n’ Roll, Rhythm & Blues, jazz, disco and other genres of music. Leading rappers from the late 80s and early 90s

Leading rappers from the late 80s and early 90s Many would say that hip-hop, while it certainly includes music, more accurately refers to an overarching culture that includes music, fashion, disposition, jargon and more. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=otCpCn0l4Wo https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bmvLxUxSye0 Leading rappers from the late 80s and early 90s

Leading rappers from the late 80s and early 90s The music of hip-hop traditionally includes rap, DJing, breakdancing and other forms of upbeat music, lyrics and dance. While it is usually associated with urban black culture, hip-hop culture and rap music is celebrated by large demographics of Asian-Americans, Latin-Americans, White- Americans and just about every other group for that matter. Many genres and dances fit under the hip-hop umbrella Hip-Hop Rap, Djing, breakdancing Leading rappers from the late 80s and early 90s

1992 Jurassic Park becomes the first major studio film to use modern CGI technology.

It’s the first full length animated film done entirely on computer. 1994 premieres It’s the first full length animated film done entirely on computer.

1997 “Titanic” Premieres $200 million to make (the most expensive movie made at the time) It made $2 billion and got 11 Oscars The same director, James Cameron, makes “Avatar” in 2010 –which makes even more.

1999 Star Wars returns with the first episode, but fourth movie 1999 Star Wars returns with the first episode, but fourth movie. George Lucas made the story out of order because he had yet to develop CGI technology capable of filming the first episode when he made Star Wars in 1977.

1997 “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” by J. K 1997 “Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone” by J.K. Rowling is published.

1999 Lance Armstrong wins his first “Tour De France” 1999 Lance Armstrong wins his first “Tour De France”. He’ll win a record 7 in a row – despite a battle with cancer. His awards are later rescinded due to doping allegations.

1999 Dr. Jack Kevorkian, a. k. a. “Dr 1999 Dr. Jack Kevorkian, a.k.a. “Dr. Death” is convicted of 2nd degree murder for helping a terminal patient commit suicide. He’s done it 130 times before.

1999 First Circumnavigation of the Globe in a hot air balloon 1999 First Circumnavigation of the Globe in a hot air balloon. Bertrand Piccard and Brian Jones

1999 Sponge Bob Makes his debut

THEME #15-- MILLENNIALS

Millennials – A newly defined generation, born from roughly 1981-2002 and grew up largely in the 1990s. This so-called “Generation Y” (since it came after Generation X) was also called the Millennial Generation, since they came of age near the turn of the new millennium (2000AD). Many Millennials argue that they are the true “Greatest Generation”, not the G.I. Generation that fought in World War II.

U.S. Generations: Generation Y Stereotypes of Generation Y include: * Over-nurtured * Have a sense of entitlement * Raised by ‘helicopter’ parents (Baby-boomers) * Work is not as important as a balanced life * Computer literate generation

U.S. Generations: Generation Y Stereotypes of Generation Y include: * Conscious consumers * Short attention span * Committed friendships, confident * Well-informed, realistic * The best time-managers yet

U.S. Generations: Generation Y Generation Y, through quotations: “In today’s classroom everybody wins a trophy, even the one kid who actually won. Soon it will be ‘Let’s punish that kid for making the other kids feel like losers’.”– Jarod Kintz “I don’t want to read the book, I’ll watch the movie” – Switchfoot “Gen Ys are dreamers. They grew up wanting to change the world. They have vision, but oftentimes no mission. It is management's job to turn Gen Y’s innovation into goals.” – Glenn Beck

Generation Y, through video clips: U.S. Generations: Generation Y Generation Y, through video clips: Stereotypes of growing up in the 1990s Generation Y: An Overview http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HzSSFuWBnGU Generation Y argues why they are the real ‘greatest generation’ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lz43VtLAkZI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xgHQRyYFu6w