Part 1- The Helminths Laboratory Procedures

 Ancylostoma (Hookworm)  Dirofilaria immitis (Heartworm)  Trichuris vulpis (Whipworms)  Strongyloides stercoralis (Threadworm)  Toxocara canis (Roundworm)

 Species include ancylostoma caninum, ancylostoma tubeforme, ancylostoma braziliense, and uncinararia stenocephala.  Found throughout world and common in tropical and subtropical areas of U.S.  Can produce severe anemia in animals  Can produce cutaneous larva migrans in humans  Diagnosed through fecal observation

 Circulatory nematode  Found in cats, ferrets, dogs and some humans  Diagnosed through direct observation of blood for microfilaria or through an antigen test  Can cause congestive heart failure in dogs  Can cause pulmonary and skin lesions in humans

 Found as trichuris vulpis, trichuris campanula, and trichuris serrata.  More common in dogs than cats  Not zoonotic  May cause weight loss, diarrhea.

 May cause severe diarrhea, pneumonia and dermatitis.  Can cause diarrhea and illness in human infants.  Found more commonly in dogs

 Found as toxocara canis, toxocara cati, and toxascaris leonina.  Commonly found in dogs and cats, puppies and kittens are most susceptible.  Also referred to as ascarids  May cause visceral larva migrans in humans  Larval migration causes liver and lung damage and potentially death in young dogs

 Dipylidium caninum (flea tapeworm)  Taenia (tapeworm)

 Most common tapeworm found in dogs and cats  Animal becomes infected by ingesting the intermediate host, the flea.  Can infect humans  Indicates presence of fleas  May see on perianal area or can see egg baskets on fecal flotation.

 Found as taenia pisiformis, taenia hydatigena, and taenia ovis.  Acquired by eating cysticerci in rabbits.

 Platynosomum fastosum (lizard poisoning fluke of cats)  Nanopyetus salmincola (salmon poisoning fluke of dogs)  Alaria (intestinal flukes of dogs and cats)

 Adult flukes of cats inhabit the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and small intestine.

 Vector for Neorickettsia hemintheca, salmon poisoning disease in dogs.  Called “Elokomin fluke fever”  Causes hemorrhagic enteritis with generalized lymphadenopathy, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, inappetence, fever, and death.  Found in Pacific Northwest region of North America

 Found throughout the northern half of North America  Mostly nonpathogenic  Lung migration may cause some damage  Minor zoonotic potential from larval stages from intermediate hosts.