WarmUp 1.Seafloor spreading occurs at an average rate of 5 cm ( km) per year. At this rate, how long would it take for a narrow sea that is 1 km wide to form? 2.What causes the continental crust to stretch and break? 1.Seafloor spreading occurs at an average rate of 5 cm ( km) per year. At this rate, how long would it take for a narrow sea that is 1 km wide to form? 2.What causes the continental crust to stretch and break?

Objective and Agenda Objective: SWBAT explain the movement of the tectonic plates. Agenda: 1.Plate Boundaries Notes 2.Partner Practice 3.Type of Boundary Poster 4.Exit Ticket Objective: SWBAT explain the movement of the tectonic plates. Agenda: 1.Plate Boundaries Notes 2.Partner Practice 3.Type of Boundary Poster 4.Exit Ticket HW- Get progress report signed- return by Monday!

Mantle Convection Draw the diagram below White board discussion 1.Explain why convections currents rise and sink. 2.How are convection currents connected to the movement of tectonic plates? 3.What part of the Earth is responsible for heating the asthenosphere? 3

Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis Continental drift – the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations. –Alfred Wegener proposed the theory in the early 1900’s.Alfred Wegener Continental drift – the hypothesis that states that the continents once formed a single landmass, broke up, and drifted to their present locations. –Alfred Wegener proposed the theory in the early 1900’s.Alfred Wegener

Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis White Board Activity What evidence did Wegener use to support his Hypothesis?

Wegener’s Continental Drift Hypothesis Inconclusive Evidence –No credible evidence that explained why the continents moved. Wegner thought that the continents just “plowed” through the rocks. Many scientist concluded that the continents would have broken into several different pieces if this were to true. Inconclusive Evidence –No credible evidence that explained why the continents moved. Wegner thought that the continents just “plowed” through the rocks. Many scientist concluded that the continents would have broken into several different pieces if this were to true.

Caution you are entering a no note taking zone. 7

Pangaea

The Drifting Continents 180 Million Years ago Pangaea gradually breaks up into two pieces. –Laurasia –Gondwana 180 Million Years ago Pangaea gradually breaks up into two pieces. –Laurasia –Gondwana

The Drifting Continents 65 million years ago. Dinosaurs became extinct and Laurasia and Gondwana split into two smaller pieces. 65 million years ago. Dinosaurs became extinct and Laurasia and Gondwana split into two smaller pieces.

Continue Note Taking 11

The Theory of Plate Tectonics Plate Tectonics – the theory that explains how large pieces of the Earth’s outermost layer called tectonic plates, move and change shape.

Tectonic Plate Boundaries Boundary – a place where tectonic plates touch. Draw the following chart. Boundary – a place where tectonic plates touch. Draw the following chart.

Plate Boundary Posters 14

Sea Floor Spreading Reading HESS and Sea Floor Spreading Evidence. 15

Evidence for Sea-Floor Spreading: Magnetic reversals

Magnetic Reversals and Sea- Floor Spreading Rock is slowly taken away from the spreading center of the ridge as sea- floor spreading occurs. As Earth’s magnetic field changes directions the iron minerals on the ocean floor change directions. Rock is slowly taken away from the spreading center of the ridge as sea- floor spreading occurs. As Earth’s magnetic field changes directions the iron minerals on the ocean floor change directions.

Sea Floor Spreading Activity What you will need: Two markers of different colors Two long sheets of paper Worksheet What you will need: Two markers of different colors Two long sheets of paper Worksheet 18

Tracking Tectonic Plate Motion Tectonic plates move roughly 5cm per year. –The rate is so slow that it cannot be seen nor felt except during an Earthquake. Plate movement is tracked by GPS. Tectonic plates move roughly 5cm per year. –The rate is so slow that it cannot be seen nor felt except during an Earthquake. Plate movement is tracked by GPS.

Fall Zone The fall zone marks the geologic boundary of hard metamorphosed terrain and the sandy, relatively flat outwash plain of the upper continental shelf. –creates water falls. Erosion of the mountains help form the Sandy coastal plain region. The fall zone marks the geologic boundary of hard metamorphosed terrain and the sandy, relatively flat outwash plain of the upper continental shelf. –creates water falls. Erosion of the mountains help form the Sandy coastal plain region.

Convergent Collide, Divergent Divide, Transform Slide JUST REMEMBER…

WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY? 1=Transform 2=Convergent 3=Divergent

What type of plate is the arrow below pointing to? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY? 1=Transform 2=Convergent 3=Divergent

The picture below shows the San Andreas fault in California. Many earthquakes occur here. What type of fault is this? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY? 1=Transform 2=Convergent 3=Divergent

WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY? What type of landform is created by the boundary below?

WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY? What is indicated by the arrow below?

WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

What type of boundary leads to the destruction of lithosphere? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

What type of boundary leads to the formation of lithosphere? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

What type of boundary neither forms or destroyse lithosphere? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

Which layer of the earth is the smiley face on? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

In which layer does the process shown below (convection) occur? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

What type of boundary formed the mountains in the picture below? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

What type of boundary is shown in the picture below? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

What type of boundary formed the mountains in the picture below? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

Which type of boundary is the arrow pointing to? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

What do scientists call the area that is circled below? WHAT TYPE OF BOUNDARY?

Himalayan Mountains

East African Rift Valley

San Andres Fault The San Andreas Fault is a continental transform boundary that runs a length of roughly 810 miles through California It forms the tectonic boundary between the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate. It is the most studied fault on the planet.

San Andres Fault

Homework: Plate Boundaries 44

1.What type of boundary occurs where two plates crush into one another? a.Tectonic plate boundary b.Divergent boundary c.Convergent boundary d.Transform fault boundary 2) Ryan is visiting the mountains in Colorado. What type of tectonic plate boundary is Ryan near? a.Tectonic plate boundary b.Divergent boundary c.Convergent boundary d.Transform fault boundary 3) What happens at a divergent boundary? a.The two plates move towards each other. b.The two plates move away from each other. c.One plate is forced underneath the other plate d.The two plates grind past one another 4) Which type of plate boundary destroys lithosphere? a.Tectonic plate boundary b.Divergent boundary c.Convergent boundary d.Transform fault boundary 5) What was the main question that the theory of plate tectonics answered? a.How the earth rotates on its axis b.How new rocks are formed c.How the weather happens d.How were the continents able to move from Pangaea to their present location