Chapter Four Conflict and War International Relations, Brief Edition Joshua S. Goldstein

Figure 4.1: Disputed Islands The Spratly Islands exemplify contemporary conflicts over territory and natural resources around islands. All or part of the Spratleys are claimed by China, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, the Philippines, and Taiwan

Figure 4.2: Kurdish Area Ethnic populations often span international borders. Shaded region shows the approximate area of Kurdish settlement.

Figure 4.3: Members of the Islamic Conference and Areas of Conflict

Figure 4.4: Military and Nonmilitary Means of Leverage Conventional armed force is the most commonly used military form of leverage.

Figure 4.5: Expanding Ranges of Indian and Pakistani Missiles, 1999 Source: The Washington Post, May 29, 1999: A32.

Hot Stuff The most important hurdle in making nuclear weapons is access to fissionable materials (plutonium and uranium). In 2003, North Korea restarted its plutonium-producing reactor at Yongbyon, shut down since 1994 under an agreement with the United States. this satellite photo shows steam rising from the cooling tower after the reactor was restarted, March 2003.