List the primary source of income for most states. Pump Primer CHPATER 7

CHAPTER 7: STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Objectives 7-1: Explain the constitutional basis for states’ rights Identify five constitutional amendments that restrict state power and explain how they do so Identify the three basic responsibilities of states Identify characteristics that make a governor either weak or strong List the primary source of income for most states. 7-2: Define the different forms of municipal government Explain the role of special districts in local government.

7-3: Chart and explain typical political party organization on the state and local levels. Give examples of political machines. Explain the various forms of voting used on the state and local levels Define recall, referendum, and initiative as they relate to state and local politics. 7-4: Define and explain “full faith and credit.” Define and give examples of reciprocity. Identify and explain the constitutional basis for “reserved powers.”

In spiritual matters, the Christian must determine in the light of Scripture what areas they may be flexible with and what matters they may not compromise. Matt. 21: The Cleansing of the Temple Luke 9: Samaria Rejects Christ Biblical Integration

STATE GOVERNMENTS

The Tenth Amendment says that the states retain all powers not specifically delegated to the national government or prohibited to the states. pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

The Tenth Amendment protects the states from being dominated by the national government. pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

The Constitution limits states’ powers in order to preserve the national government’s powers State governments operate under a system of separation of powers pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Every state has three basic responsibilities: Public safety Commercial regulation Political subdivision oversight Many specific tasks pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

State Legislatures Bicameral Nebraska has a unicameral legislature Various names Powers pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

State Executives: Governors Elected directly by the people Powers Head of state political party Line-item veto power (44 states) Lieutenant governor pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

State Courts Supreme Court Lower courts Judges are elected in some states; in others, they are appointed Jurisdiction pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

State Financing Direct taxes make up less than half of the average state’s revenue Property taxes General sales taxes Income taxes Federal grants pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

zz p. 132CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Lotteries 43 states Use of revenues Arguments against lotteries pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

LOCAL GOVERNMENTS

Types of local governments include counties, municipalities (cities and towns), and special districts. pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

County Governments Called parishes (LA) or boroughs (AK, NYC) More than 3,000 Governing board Commissioners or supervisors County Executive pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

County Governments Unified government Pros Cons Areas of responsibility pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Municipal Governments Nearly 20,000 Forms of organization Mayor-council Council-manager Commission Other variations pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Special Districts More than 35,000 School districts Other types Funding pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

STATE AND LOCAL POLITICAL ORGANIZATION

Political Party Organization Two-party system “Members” of a party Factions pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Party Organization Precinct or ward Committeeman County committee Conventions State executive committee State chairman pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Historically, some states and cities were run by notorious political machines. pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Elections Levels of participation Voter registration Forms of voting In person Absentee pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

State and Local Elections Dates Types: Primary, General Oversight Places pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Primary Elections Open primary Crossover voting Close primary Semiclosed primary Top-Two method Winner-take-all pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

General Elections Winners of respective party primaries Usually have higher voter turnout pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

The tools of recall, referendum, and initiative allow voters to peacefully take matters into their own hands. pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Recall Allows people to call back an official who was elected to office Mostly at the local level pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Referendum Changes in constitutions or laws Initiative Requires a legally specified number of voters to place a proposal on the ballot pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

INTERSTATE AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS

Interstate Relationships Full Faith and Credit Exceptions Privileges and Immunities Extradition Reciprocity pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT

Intergovernmental Relationships The Tenth Amendment “Federal” government National government has been expanding its authority at the states’ expense The Seventeenth Amendment (1913) pp CHAPTER 7AMERICAN GOVERNMENT