Moving the NPDGamma Experiment to the SNS FnPB Christopher Crawford University of Kentucky overview of NPDGamma transition to the SNS expected results MadisonSpencer
Overview of NPDG experiment 3 He polarizer beam monitors RF spin flipper LH 2 target CsI detectors f ¼ 5£10 -7 A = f ¼ 5 £ N / 1 + P n A cos + P n A PC sin A = 10% for N ¼ 5 £ events
3 He neutron polarizer n + 3 He 3 H + p cross section is highly spin-dependent J=0 = 5333 b / 0 J=1 ¼ 0 10 G holding field determines the polarization angle rG < 1 mG/cm to avoid Stern-Gerlach steering Steps to polarize neutrons: 1.Optically pump Rb vapor with circular polarized laser 2.Polarize 3 He atoms via spin-exchange collisions 3.Polarize 3 He nuclei via the hyperfine interaction 4.Polarize neutrons by spin- dependent transmission n n + n n p p p p n n p p n n + p p P 3 = 57 %
16L liquid para-hydrogen target 15 meV ortho para capture E n (meV) (b) 30 cm long 1 interaction length 99.97% para 1% depolarization super-cooled to reduce bubbles SAFETY !! p p p p para-H 2 p p p p ortho-H 2 E = 15 meV
CsI(Tl) Detector Array 4 rings of 12 detectors each 15 x 15 x 15 cm 3 each VPD’s insensitive to B field detection efficiency: 95% current-mode operation 5 x 10 7 gammas/pulse counting statistics limited
NPDGamma setup at LANSCE (LANL)
Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) spallation sources: LANL, SNS pulsed -> TOF -> energy LH2 moderator: cold neutrons thermal equilibrium in ~30 interactions Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennessee
Modifications for Phase II run at the SNS: Cryogenic H 2 target improvements Magnetic fields and shielding FnPB chopper design FnPB supermirror polarizer design Expected sensitivity to A at the SNS
Supermirror polarizer FNPB guide CsI Detector Array Liquid H 2 Target H 2 Vent Line Beam Stop Magnetic Field Coils Magnetic Shielding H 2 Manifold Enclosure Layout of experimental setup at the FnPB
LH 2 target gas manifold and vent line
LH 2 Target Improvements reduce backgrounds: thinner Al entrance window
Magnetic and radiological shielding integrated shielding: 9”-18” concrete walls 0.25”–0.75” 1010 steel open design for LH 2 safety, access to experiment external field B < 50 mG shield npd from B-field of other experiments flux return for uniform magnetic field: Stern-Gerlach steering
Magnetic Field B-field gradients must be < 10 mG/cm prevent Stern-Gerlach steering of neutrons prevent depolarization of 3 He in spin filter B-field modeled in OPERA3D (S. Balascuta) Flux return / shielding on ceiling,floor,sides extra coil needed to compensate higher ceiling flux return
Stray magnetic fields E F CoilsCoils Magnetic shield Z Concrete wall 1 X A B FP 12 side FP 14 side Facility requirements call for magnetic field to be less than 50 mGauss at the boundary of adjacent beamlines
Neutron beam chopper design: opening angles
Chopper optimization – McStas simulation based on McStas simulation of FnPB (Huffman) active components simulated in McStas (guide, bender, windows) passive components analyzed from MC data (choppers, collimators, RFSF, LH2 target) -ROOT integration: McStas ntuple -rapid optimization of chopper phase, angle; RFSF phase example: investigation of counter-rotating choppers
Design of supermirror polarizer two methods of neutron polarization spin-dependent n- 3 He absorption cross section magnetized SM coating selectively absorbs 1 spin state supermirror polarizer spin-dependent reflection from magnetized supermirror coating high polarization possible requirements: at least 1 reflection preserve phase space
Design of supermirror polarizer McStas optimization of polarizer for NPDGamma as a function of (bender length, bend radius, #channels) 96% polarization, 30% transmission ) 2.6£10 10 n/s 4x improvement in P 2 N
Sensitivity of NPDG to A at SNS Gain in the figure of merit at the SNS: 12.0 x brighter at the end of the SNS guide 4.1 x gain by new SM polarizer 6.5 x longer running time A ~ 1.1£10 -8 in 10 7 s at the SNS Higher duty factor at SNS Commission NPDGamma: Summer 2008
Conclusions NPDGamma is ready to “plug” into the SNS FnPB a few modifications are necessary for new site plus modifications to improve “figure of merit” (FOM) we project to measure A=10 -8 in 1 year