Viruses. Virus: Segments of nucleic acid (DNA OR RNA) within a protein coat (noncellular); NONLIVING; much smaller then prokaryotes Must reproduce within.

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Presentation transcript:

Viruses

Virus: Segments of nucleic acid (DNA OR RNA) within a protein coat (noncellular); NONLIVING; much smaller then prokaryotes Must reproduce within a host cell Many viruses are host specific

Viral structure Capsid- protein coat of virus Envelope- a membrane layer around the capsid in some viruses.

Bacteriophage A virus that infects bacteria

Viral reproduction: Viruses rely on cells to replicate them and use either the lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle to replicate.

Lytic cycle 1. virus attaches to a cell and injects its genetic material. 2. The cell makes new viral parts. 3. The cell breaks down and releases viruses. Viruses like the flu and cold do this

Lysogenic cycle 1. Virus attaches to cell and injects DNA 2. Viral DNA integrates with host DNA 3. The host cell divides normally and when it does, so does the viral DNA 4. After some time, the virus enters the lytic cycle and the cell will be destroyed when new viral parts are assembled and made Ex- HIV, herpes

Q Q

Retrovirus: Has RNA as it’s genetic material; ex- HIV which cause AIDS Prions: a disease causing piece of protein with no nucleic acid- ex- mad cow disease Viroids: a disease causing strand of RNA with no capsid

Diseases caused by viruses

Modes of transmission Contact with bodily fluid Contact with warts Contaminated Food Contaminated Water Mosquito bite

Protection from viral diseases Prevention- hand washing, don’t drink after people, etc Vaccines