Chapter 5 Section 3

Direct democracy Classical art Tragedy Comedy Peloponnesian War Philosopher Socrates Plato Aristotle

Pericles Wise statesmen Held public office for 32 years Skillful politician, inspiring speaker, respected general 3 goals for Athens 1) strengthen democracy 2) strengthen empire 3) glorify Athens

Stronger Democracy: Increased number of paid public officials Now even a poor citizen can serve in office Athens one of most democratic governments in history Direct Democracy : Citizens rule directly; not through representatives

Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the people. When it is a question of settling private disputes, everyone is equal before the law; when it is a question of putting one person before another in positions of public responsibility, what counts is not membership in a particular class, but the actual ability which the man possesses. No one, so long as he has it in him to be of service to the state, is kept in political obscurity because of poverty. -Pericles, “The Funeral Oration”

Athenian Empire: Used money from Delian League to grow navy Athens had largest navy in the Mediterranean Important- needed over seas supplies

Glorify Athens: Pericles used large sums of money to beautify Athens Bought lots gold, ivory, and marble Goal was to have the greatest artists in Greece create magnificent sculptures and buildings to glorify Athens

Parthenon: Temple built to honor Athena- goddess of wisdom and protector of Athens Greek architecture set standards for artist for generations. Classical Art: Greek portrayal of ideal beauty; not reality

Peloponnesian War: Athens vs. Sparta 431 B.C.E. Athens had stronger navy Sparta stronger army Pericles tries to wait to engage Spartans on the sea. Eventually Sparta moved toward Athens burning all food supplies as they went Athens is struck by a plague that kills nearly 1/3 of the population

After 10 years of war both sides sign a truce 415 B.C.E. Athens sends 20,000 men to the island of Sicily to fight against Syracuse a wealthy ally of Sparta. They are badly defeated In 404 B.C.E Athens finally surrenders; they had lost their empire, power and wealth