© 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Game Art and Design Unit 1 Lesson 3 History of Cards

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Big Idea Knowledge of the history of technology and societies helps people understand the world around them by seeing how people of all times and places have increased their capability by using their unique skills to innovate, improvise, and invent.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ History of Cards

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ First Playing Cards The earliest playing cards originated in Central Asia. 10th century, Chinese used paper- like dominoes, shuffling and dealing them in new games.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Introduction Into Europe Islamic cards were introduced into southern Europe about The suit signs Coins, Cups, Swords, and Sticks were variously adapted. "Moorish" card, 14th century (?) (Instituto Municipal de Historia, Barcelona)

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ First European Playing Cards European cards date from 1370 and come from Spain, Italy, Germany, and Switzerland. The earliest surviving cards come from around the 15th century—cards were hand-painted and only afforded by the wealthy. Invention of woodcuts allowed mass- producing of cards.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ First European Playing Cards By 1500, three main suit systems had evolved: Latin Germanic French These three systems became the basis of standard national patterns. The Ambras Court Hunting Pack (1445)

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Evolution of German Cards Most imaginative. Cards were decorated with lively scenes German national pattern has four suits (Leaves, Hearts, Acorns and Hawk Bells) from which the Queen was banished. German deck, Nüremberg, 1813

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Evolution of Tarocco The Italians added a wild card (the Fool). The suit expanded to 97 cards. Called Tarot by the French. Did not acquire its modern use by fortune tellers until the 1780s. Divinatory Tarot cards by Etteilla, Paris, 1789

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ French Playing Cards French were instrumental in bringing the pleasures of card play to people in Europe and the New World. French cards soon flooded the market and were exported to England first, and then in the British Colonies of America.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Evolution of Cards - French French invented the familiar suits (1470). Popular demand led to mass production using woodcuts. Designs for sheets of cards were drawn and carved on woodblocks, then inked and printed on paper, finally separated, and glued on cardboard.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ History of Modern Suits From the French were spades, clubs, diamonds, and hearts. The use of simple shapes and flat colors helped facilitate manufacture. The king of hearts represented Charlemagne, king of Diamonds was Julius Caesar, king of clubs was Alexander the Great, and king of spades was King David from the Bible

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Suits and Patterns – Swiss French

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Suits and Patterns - Italian

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Suits and Patterns – Spanish

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ American Playing Cards Americans started producing playing cards around 1800 with several improvements: Double-headed - no upside down cards Varnished surfaces for durability Identifying marks on borders or corners Rounded corners for extended life Double-headed cards by Russell & Morgan, Cincinnati, 1885

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ The Joker The Joker came from the game Euchre. Americans equipped card games with an extra card (usually as a wild card). Later it became known as the Joker, meaning one that pops up unexpectedly. The use of a jester is logical because he complements the court cards. The Joker is one of America's most picturesque contributions to cards.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ The Joker Joker by Andrew Dougherty, New York, 1875

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Other Uses of Cards Besides playing games, cards were also used to: – Advertise products and services – Promote ideas – Depict famous landmarks – Depict famous events – Depict famous people

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Depict famous people US-Elections John F. Kennedy and other members of the Kennedy Family.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Advertise products Original pattern slightly modified, king holds beer glass in hand. Pattern newly designed, but the Bavarian Pattern is still discernable.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Non-Standard Suit Cards In this game the court cards were redesigned and the suit symbols were changed. Theme is the "Honey Barrel," a fairy tale by Lew Ustinow; advertisement for the theatre Altenburg-Gera.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Non-Standard Suit Cards This card game represents the four elements. They do not appear as the four suits; (king = earth, queen = water, jack = air and Joker = fire).

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Other Card Games There are many other types of card games besides the typical four-suit playing cards. Examples include Uno, Apples to Apples, Crazy Eights, Old Maid, and many others.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Card Games Objectives Accumulating The object is to acquire all cards in the deck. Examples include most war-type games and games involving slapping a discard pile such as Slapjack.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Card Games Objectives Adding In adding games, players play in turns, adding the value of the cards together as they are played. The goal is to reach or avoid certain point totals. Examples include 21, Ninety-eight / Ninety-nine / One Hundred, and Cribbage.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Card Games Objectives Fishing Each player is given a hand with a stack of face up cards on the table. Players play one card in turn trying to match the layout card. If matched, layout card is captured and placed in front of the player. If a card does not match, it becomes part of the layout. Examples include Go-Stop, and Diplomat.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Card Games Objectives Matching Players take turns playing cards to match the previous card or fit in some way (rank, suit). If no match is made, the player must draw a card or cards. The object is to get rid of all of your cards. Examples include Go Fish, Rummy, Crazy Eights, and Old Maid.

© 2011 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ © 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Big Idea Knowledge of the history of technology and societies helps people understand the world around them by seeing how people of all times and places have increased their capability by using their unique skills to innovate, improvise, and invent.

© 2014 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association, STEM  Center for Teaching and Learning™ Game Art and Design Unit 1 Lesson 5 History of Cards Game Art and Design Unit 1 Lesson 5 History of Cards images With permission from