Un-rules for Good Writing 1. Don’t use no double negatives. 2. Make each pronoun agree with their antecedent. 3. Join clauses good like a conjunction should. 4. About them sentence fragments. Slide 5.1

5. When dangling, watch your participles. 6. Verbs has to agree with their subject. 7. Just between you and I, case is important too. 8. Don’t write run-on sentences they are hard to read. Slide 5.2

9. Don’t use commas, that aren’t necessary. 10. Try to not ever split infinitives. 11. Its’ important to use your apostrophes correctly. 12. Proofread your writing to see if you any words out. Slide 5.3

13. Correct spelling is esential. 14. A preposition is a poor word to end a sentence with. Slide 5.4

Contingent Statements: Statements that Can be Proven True or False l Speeches with evidence are more persuasive than speeches without evidence. l There is a curvilinear relationship between life stress and the amount of self disclosure used by interpersonal communicators. l Among highly ego-involved individuals, speeches using deliberate ambiguity are more persuasive that speeches that do no use deliberate ambiguity. l Bodies of aliens from outer space are located in Area 51 in Nevada.

Pseudo-Statements l Not tested by degree of correspondence with actual events Slide 5.6A

Pseudo-Statements l Not tested by degree of correspondence with actual events statements that assert that one term may be substituted for another 1. Definitions: Slide5.6B

Pseudo-Statements l Not tested by degree of correspondence with actual events statements that assert that one term may be substituted for another 1. Definitions: (evaluated for usefulness) Slide 5.6C

Pseudo Statements  People are lazy because they are unmotivated.  Charismatic leaders are hopeful because they are optimistic.  Sensationalism in the news uses exaggerations. 2. Tautologies: statements that must be true by their very construction Slide 5.7

3. Contradictions: statements that must be false due to their very construction A noisy quiet original copy “fresh frozen” Bosnian government jumbo shrimp Pseudo Statements Slide5.8

Slide 5.9 Categorical Syllogism F Major Premise: All men are mortal F Minor premise: Socrates is a man F Conclusion: (Therefore,) Socrates is mortal

Men Things that are Mortal Venn Diagram Slide 5.10A

Socrates Men Things that are Mortal Venn Diagram Slide 5.10B

Socrates Men Things that are Mortal Major Term Venn Diagram Slide 5.10C

Socrates Men Things that are Mortal Minor Term Major Term Venn Diagram Slide 5.10D

Socrates Men Things that are Mortal Minor Term Middle Term Major Term Venn Diagram Slide 5.10

Conditional Syllogism Forms v Major Premise: If p, then q v Minor Premise: p or not q v Conclusion: q not p Slide 5.11

Logic of the Conditional Syllogism v Major Premise: If a newscaster is credible, then the news broadcast will be respected by the public v Minor Premise: A newscaster is credible v Conclusion: the news broadcast will be respected by the public Slide 5.12

Logic of Using Hypotheses Slide 5.13 v Major Premise: If a newscaster is credible, then the news broadcast will be respected by the public v Minor Premise: the news broadcast is not respected by the public Conclusion: A newscaster is not credible

Denying the Antecedent in Research v Major Premise: If a newscaster is credible, then the news broadcast will be respected by the public v Minor Premise: A newscaster is not credible v Conclusion: the news broadcast still may be respected because it has a strong public affairs division Slide 5.14

Affirming the Consequent Research v Major Premise: If the RCQ is a valid measure, then much valuable research will have been spawned v Minor Premise: much valuable research has been spawned v Conclusion: the RCQ is a valid measure Slide 5.15

Errors in Research Arguments l Fallacies of Overgeneralization Hasty Generalizations Extrapolation l Fallacies of Distraction Personal Attacks Appeals to Authority Appeals to Ignorance l Begging the Question Slide 5.16