Chapter 13 – The Nervous System: Neural Tissue $100 $200 $300 $400 $500 $100$100$100 $200 $300 $400 $500 The Nervous System / Clinical Correlatives Cellular Organization in Neural Tissue Neural Regeneration The Nerve Impulse and Synaptic Communication Neuron Organization & Processing / Anatomical Organization FINAL ROUND

Topic 1: $100 Question Which of the following receptors monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints? a. exteroceptors b. interoceptors c. proprioceptors d. neuroeffectors BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $100 Answer Which of the following receptors monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints? a. exteroceptors b. interoceptors c. proprioceptors d. neuroeffectors BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $200 Question Which of the following divisions carries motor commands to muscles and glands? a. the afferent division of the central nervous system b. the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system c.the efferent division of the central nervous system d. the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $200 Answer Which of the following divisions carries motor commands to muscles and glands? a. the afferent division of the central nervous system b. the afferent division of the peripheral nervous system c.the efferent division of the central nervous system d. the efferent division of the peripheral nervous system BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $300 Question Which of the following statements is/are false? a. The nervous system includes all of the nervous tissue in the body, including the nerves which link the nervous system with other tissues. b. The peripheral nervous system begins as a mass of neural tissue organized into a hollow tube early in development. c. The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system. d. a and b BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $300 Answer Which of the following statements is/are false? a. The nervous system includes all of the nervous tissue in the body, including the nerves which link the nervous system with other tissues. b. The peripheral nervous system begins as a mass of neural tissue organized into a hollow tube early in development. c. The afferent division of the peripheral nervous system brings sensory information to the central nervous system. d. a and b BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $400 Question Visceral sensory receptors are part of which of the following? a. efferent division of the peripheral nervous system b. afferent division of the somatic nervous system c. afferent division of the peripheral nervous system d. afferent division of the central nervous system BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $400 Answer Visceral sensory receptors are part of which of the following? a. efferent division of the peripheral nervous system b. afferent division of the somatic nervous system c. afferent division of the peripheral nervous system d. afferent division of the central nervous system BACK TO GAME

Topic 1: $500 Question Which of the following structures provide pressure, pain, and temperature sensations? a. special sensory receptors b. visceral sensory receptors c. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system d. somatic sensory receptors BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 1: $500 Answer Which of the following structures provide pressure, pain, and temperature sensations? a. special sensory receptors b. visceral sensory receptors c. sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system d. somatic sensory receptors BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $100 Question Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system are usually: a. multipolar b. anaxonic c. pseudounipolar d. bipolar BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $100 Answer Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system are usually: a. multipolar b. anaxonic c. pseudounipolar d. bipolar BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $200 Question Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? a. perform repairs in damaged neural tissue b. guide neuron development c. produce myelin, which wraps axons and functions as an insulator d. maintain the blood-brain barrier BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $200 Answer Which of the following is not a function of astrocytes? a. perform repairs in damaged neural tissue b. guide neuron development c. produce myelin, which wraps axons and functions as an insulator d. maintain the blood-brain barrier BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $300 Question The stem cells that produce _____ are related to the stem cells that produce tissue macrophages and monocytes of the blood. a. oligodendrocytes b. ependymal cells c. astrocytes d. microglia BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $300 Answer The stem cells that produce _____ are related to the stem cells that produce tissue macrophages and monocytes of the blood. a. oligodendrocytes b. ependymal cells c. astrocytes d. microglia BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $400 Question Most neurons lack which of the following structures, which are lost during differentiation? a. neurofilaments b. centrosome complex c. mitochondria d. chromatophilic substance BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $400 Answer Most neurons lack which of the following structures, which are lost during differentiation? a. neurofilaments b. centrosome complex c. mitochondria d. chromatophilic substance BACK TO GAME

Topic 2: $500 Question “Preganglionic fibers” go: a. from somatic motor neurons to skeletal muscle fibers. b. from visceral motor neurons in the central nervous system to visceral motor neurons in peripheral motor ganglia. c. from sensory neurons in peripheral ganglia to exteroceptors and interoceptors. d. from visceral motor neurons in peripheral motor ganglia to visceral effectors. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 2: $500 Answer “Preganglionic fibers” go: a. from somatic motor neurons to skeletal muscle fibers. b. from visceral motor neurons in the central nervous system to visceral motor neurons in peripheral motor ganglia. c. from sensory neurons in peripheral ganglia to exteroceptors and interoceptors. d. from visceral motor neurons in peripheral motor ganglia to visceral effectors. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $100 Question Which cells participate in the repair of damaged cells in the peripheral nervous system, by forming a solid cellular cord that follows the path of the original axon? a. Schwann cells b. oligodendrocytes c. satellite cells d. ependymal cells BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $100 Answer Which cells participate in the repair of damaged cells in the peripheral nervous system, by forming a solid cellular cord that follows the path of the original axon? a. Schwann cells b. oligodendrocytes c. satellite cells d. ependymal cells BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $200 Question Limited regeneration occurs in the central nervous system, partially due to the fact that scar tissue is formed by which of the following glial cells? a. ependymal cells b. microglia c. oligodendrocytes d. astrocytes BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $200 Answer Limited regeneration occurs in the central nervous system, partially due to the fact that scar tissue is formed by which of the following glial cells? a. ependymal cells b. microglia c. oligodendrocytes d. astrocytes BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $300 Question Which of the following occurs in the neuron cell body following injury? a. The mitochondria increase as more ATP is needed for cellular repair. b. The chromatophilic substance disappears and the nucleus moves away from its centralized location. c. The chromatophilic substance increases, and the nucleus moves away from its centralized location. d. The plasmalemma thickens as the neuron prepares for repair. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $300 Answer Which of the following occurs in the neuron cell body following injury? a. The mitochondria increase as more ATP is needed for cellular repair. b. The chromatophilic substance disappears and the nucleus moves away from its centralized location. c. The chromatophilic substance increases, and the nucleus moves away from its centralized location. d. The plasmalemma thickens as the neuron prepares for repair. BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $400 Question Which of the following statements regarding peripheral nerve regeneration is false? a. If the axon has been cut, new axons may begin to emerge from the proximal end of the cut within a few hours. b. In crushing or tearing injuries, the distal end of the damaged axon will die and regress for 1 cm or more. c. Schwann cells in the area of damage may divide and will release growth factors to promote axonal regrowth. d. b and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $400 Answer Which of the following statements regarding peripheral nerve regeneration is false? a. If the axon has been cut, new axons may begin to emerge from the proximal end of the cut within a few hours. b. In crushing or tearing injuries, the distal end of the damaged axon will die and regress for 1 cm or more. c. Schwann cells in the area of damage may divide and will release growth factors to promote axonal regrowth. d. b and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 3: $500 Question Which of the following is the correct order of steps involved in the repair of a peripheral nerve by the process of Wallerian degeneration? 1 – The axon sends buds into the network of Schwann cells and starts growing along a cord of Schwann cells. 2 – Fragmentation of the axon and myelin occurs in distal stump. 3 – The axon grows into distal stump and is enfolded by Schwann cells. 4 – Schwann cells form a cord, grow into the cut, and unite the stumps. Macrophages engulf the degenerating axon and myelin. a b c d BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 3: $500 Answer Which of the following is the correct order of steps involved in the repair of a peripheral nerve by the process of Wallerian degeneration? 1 – The axon sends buds into the network of Schwann cells and starts growing along a cord of Schwann cells. 2 – Fragmentation of the axon and myelin occurs in distal stump. 3 – The axon grows into distal stump and is enfolded by Schwann cells. 4 – Schwann cells form a cord, grow into the cut, and unite the stumps. Macrophages engulf the degenerating axon and myelin. a b c d BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $100 Question A synapse between neurons may involve a synaptic terminal and which of the following structures? a. a dendrite b. an axon c. a cell body d. All of the above. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $100 Answer A synapse between neurons may involve a synaptic terminal and which of the following structures? a. a dendrite b. an axon c. a cell body d. All of the above. BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $200 Question Nerve impulses would travel most quickly through axons of which of the following characteristics? a. 0.5 μm diameter, unmyelinated b. 20 μm diameter, myelinated c. 20 μm diameter, unmyelinated d. 15 μm diameter, myelinated BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $200 Answer Nerve impulses would travel most quickly through axons of which of the following characteristics? a. 0.5 μm diameter, unmyelinated b. 20 μm diameter, myelinated c. 20 μm diameter, unmyelinated d. 15 μm diameter, myelinated BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $300 Question Which of the following statements regarding synaptic communication is/are false? a. Receptor binding results in a change in permeability of the presynaptic membrane. b. The result of receptor binding may be excitatory or inhibitory. c. There may be thousands of synapses on the cell body of a single neuron. d. a and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $300 Answer Which of the following statements regarding synaptic communication is/are false? a. Receptor binding results in a change in permeability of the presynaptic membrane. b. The result of receptor binding may be excitatory or inhibitory. c. There may be thousands of synapses on the cell body of a single neuron. d. a and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $400 Question After the threshold level has been reached in the axolemma of most neurons, the membrane permeability to which ions changes? a. calcium and potassium b. sodium and phosphate c. sodium and potassium d. calcium and phosphate BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $400 Answer After the threshold level has been reached in the axolemma of most neurons, the membrane permeability to which ions changes? a. calcium and potassium b. sodium and phosphate c. sodium and potassium d. calcium and phosphate BACK TO GAME

Topic 4: $500 Question Which of the following statements regarding vesicular synapses is/are false? a. They are by far the most abundant type of synapses. b. A neuromuscular synapse is an example of a vesicular synapse. c. Vesicular synapses are also termed electrical synapses. d. b and c BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 4: $500 Answer Which of the following statements regarding vesicular synapses is/are false? a. They are by far the most abundant type of synapses. b. A neuromuscular synapse is an example of a vesicular synapse. c. Vesicular synapses are also termed electrical synapses. d. b and c BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $100 Question Which of the following neural circuits is characterized by a system where information is relayed in a stepwise sequence, from one neuron to another, or from one neural pool to the next? a. convergence b. divergence c. parallel processing d. serial processing BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $100 Answer Which of the following neural circuits is characterized by a system where information is relayed in a stepwise sequence, from one neuron to another, or from one neural pool to the next? a. convergence b. divergence c. parallel processing d. serial processing BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $200 Question Some neural circuits utilize positive feedback to produce which of the following? a. reverberation b. serial processing c. convergence d. divergence BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $200 Answer Some neural circuits utilize positive feedback to produce which of the following? a. reverberation b. serial processing c. convergence d. divergence BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $300 Question Tracts in the spinal cord from larger groups are called which of the following? a. pathways b. nuclei c. nerves d. columns BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $300 Answer Tracts in the spinal cord from larger groups are called which of the following? a. pathways b. nuclei c. nerves d. columns BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $400 Question In the central nervous system, a collection of neuron cell bodies with a common function, and with a discrete anatomical boundary, is called a: a. ganglion. b. nucleus. c. nerve. d. center. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $400 Answer In the central nervous system, a collection of neuron cell bodies with a common function, and with a discrete anatomical boundary, is called a: a. ganglion. b. nucleus. c. nerve. d. center. BACK TO GAME

Topic 5: $500 Question Which of the following statements regarding “reverberation” in neural circuits is false? a. Complex examples of reverberation may be involved in the maintenance of consciousness, muscular coordination, and normal breathing patterns. b. Reverberation circuits use negative feedback to function, in which collateral axons extend back toward the source of an impulse and further stimulate the presynaptic neurons. c. Once a reverberating circuit has been activated, it will continue to function until synaptic fatigue or inhibitory stimuli break the cycle. d. None of the above is false. BACK TO GAME ANSWER

Topic 5: $500 Answer Which of the following statements regarding “reverberation” in neural circuits is false? a. Complex examples of reverberation may be involved in the maintenance of consciousness, muscular coordination, and normal breathing patterns. b. Reverberation circuits use negative feedback to function, in which collateral axons extend back toward the source of an impulse and further stimulate the presynaptic neurons. c. Once a reverberating circuit has been activated, it will continue to function until synaptic fatigue or inhibitory stimuli break the cycle. d. None of the above is false. BACK TO GAME

FINAL ROUND Question Which of the following describes the general sequence of events at a neuromuscular synapse? 1 – Receptor binding may lead to the generation of an action potential in the axon (if the postsynaptic cell is a neuron) or sarcolemma (if the postsynaptic cell is a skeletal muscle fiber). 2 – Arrival of the action potential at the terminal bouton triggers release of neurotransmitter from secretory vesicles, through exocytosis at the presynaptic membrane. 3 – The neurotransmitter molecules are either enzymatically broken down or reabsorbed. 4 – Receptor binding results in a change in the permeability of the postsynaptic cell membrane. 5 – The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. a b c d BACK TO GAME ANSWER

FINAL ROUND Answer Which of the following describes the general sequence of events at a neuromuscular synapse? 1 – Receptor binding may lead to the generation of an action potential in the axon (if the postsynaptic cell is a neuron) or sarcolemma (if the postsynaptic cell is a skeletal muscle fiber). 2 – Arrival of the action potential at the terminal bouton triggers release of neurotransmitter from secretory vesicles, through exocytosis at the presynaptic membrane. 3 – The neurotransmitter molecules are either enzymatically broken down or reabsorbed. 4 – Receptor binding results in a change in the permeability of the postsynaptic cell membrane. 5 – The neurotransmitter diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane. a b c d BACK TO GAME