Vanina Ruhlmann-Kleider DAPNIA/SPP (Saclay) V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Review of Higgs boson searches at LEP Introduction The SM Higgs boson Other scenarios Conclusions
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha The LEP environment: LEP1: ~17 millions of Z decays, e.g: LEP2: ~50 thousand of W + W - pairs a typical Higgs boson production cross-section
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Search strategy: the SM Higgs as an example 1. Direct searches: sensitivity to low masses ≤O(100GeV) 2. Indirect constraints from precision measurements : sensitivity to low and high masses two complementary ways
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Direct searches: experimental signatures production processes (+ WW, ZZ fusion) HiggsstrahlungPair-production Yukawa production SM, MSSM, 2HDM MSSM, 2HDM Only 3!
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Clean experimental environment: ~all final states investigated for masses up to O(100 GeV) precise models tested (SM, MSSM, 2HDM…) model-independent results set as limits on x Br Higgs boson decays Governed by masses more than by details of the model: main decays: into fermions also: in gauge or Higgs bosons a limited nb of topologies to consider SM
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Tools for the direct searches: b-tagging Impact parameters: c ~ 400 m R ~ 20 m & Rz ~ 40 m PV SV IP Secondary vertices: additional discrimination b quarks c quarks Performant b-tagging: ~ 40% P ~ 90% at the jet level Data/simulation agreement : ~ 5%
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha L3 Hqq channel likelihood Tools: multidimensional analyses and kinematic fits To reach the best S/B discrimination: multidimensional analyses (NN, likelihood …) To improve on signal mass reconstructions: kinematic fits with E,p conservation and mass constraints (eg H channel
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Ex: DELPHI, Hqq channel, S = GeV, Tools: statistical interpretation of the results To make an unbiased and powerful statistical anaysis of the search results: Stop selections at a loose level Use rates and additional discriminant information (2d !) to test data compatibility with: tools: likelihood ratio test-statistics (-2LnQ) and confidence levels background + signal
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha M H > 60 GeV (95% CL) M H > GeV (95% CL) Search for the SM Higgs boson: results Fast rise of as S M H +M Z a few pb -1 enough to test M H above threshold e.g. july 2000: hypothesis M H =110 GeV is excluded LEP1 S/B >10 -5 LEP2 S/B >10 -3 LEP1 result:LEP2 result: final
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha expected for background only (mean, ±1 and ±2 bands ) expected minimum of -2lnQ for signal + bkg data data: consistent with a signal of mass in the range compatibility with the hypothesis of a background fluctuation: 9% compatibility with the hypothesis of a 115 GeV signal: 15% M H = 115 – 118 GeV The likelihood curve for the SM Higgs boson: final
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Final state: e + e - HZ qq bb Comparing signal and background probabilities: ln(1+s/b) = jets of particles 2 b-jets Reconstructed mass: M H = 3 GeV One event consistent with the SM Higgs production
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Summary about the SM Higgs boson: (status as of winter 2003) EW precise measurements: M H ≤ 211 GeV (95% CL) Direct searches: M H ≥ GeV (95% CL) M H [115,118] GeV ?
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha One Higgs boson with non-standard properties the H bb decay: M H 85 GeV: BR / SM 7% the H decay: M H 110 GeV: BR / SM 20% final final 115. GeV114. GeV
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha One non-standard Higgs boson the hadronic final-state: M H 97 GeV: BR / SM 30% the invisible decay mode: M H 107 GeV: BR / SM 30% GeV114.4 GeV NB: mass range extended to lower m H in individual results (summer ‘01)
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Nb: H W W,ZZ decays also covered (L3, DELPHI …) One non-standard Higgs the H final-state: M H 96 GeV: BR / SM 3% decay mode independent search: / SM 1 for M H 81 GeV GeV (summer ‘02) (published)
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Combination of final results will also use more complete two-loop order radiative corrections: m h increased by a few GeV ! M h 91.0 GeV M A 91.9 GeV 0.5 tan 2.4 excl. (all limits at 95% CL) (summer ‘01) Neutral Higgs bosons in the CP-conserving MSSM m h max
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha No mixing 4GeV Neutral Higgs bosons in the CP-conserving MSSM (summer ‘01) M h 91.5 GeV (if tan ≥0.7) M A 92.2 GeV (if tan ≥0.7) 0.7 tan 10.5 excl. (all limits at 95% CL) hZ,hA+HZ (published) (summer ‘03) OPAL
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha minimal effect from CP phasesmaximal effect from CP phases Neutral Higgs bosons in the CP-violating MSSM OPAL: hZ and hA analyses reinterpreted to test MSSM scenarios with CP violation which allow for: more production processes (hence lower ’s): H 1 Z, H 1 H 2 and H 2 Z H 2 H 1 H 1 beside the usual fermionic decays (winter ’03)
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Yukawa production Neutral Higgs bosons in 2 Higgs Doublet Models masses and couplings no longer constrained as in the MSSM more final states to be expected and hence analysed, e.g. More general analyses of LEP data to cover less constrained topologies than in the SM or MSSM is rare in the MSSM (M h ~ M A when cos( - ) is large) but allowed in 2HD models is negligible in the SM and experimentally excluded in the MSSM but possible in 2HD models cascade decay
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha HDM results: Yukawa production Upper bounds on enhancement factor of the h/A couplings to fermions wrt SM (published) bbA/h bb bbA/h bbbb A/h (final)
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha HDM results: example 2 hA production: bbbb and final states hA and hZ productions: h AA cascade (final) x Br reduction factor hA production: hadronic final state
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha assuming: Br(H ± ) + Br(H ± cs) = 1 Charged Higgs bosons in 2HDM model-independent results: limits on xBr, e.g. M H 78.6 GeV (95% CL) (summer ‘01)
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Charged Higgs bosons in 2HDM: the WA decays H W A decays open at high mass, requiring dedicated analyses. Done by OPAL and DELPHI for m A 12GeV Then, combining all searches in 2HDM of type I (WA decays dominate for tan 1) leads to: M H 76.7 GeV (95% CL) (summer ‘03)
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Even more exotic: doubly charged Higgs bosons H searched for through their purely leptonic decays, both in pair- and single productions (OPAL). Lifetime accounted for (DELPHI). M H 97.3 GeV for any h (95%CL) M H 98.5 GeV for h ll >10 -7 (95%CL) OPAL (summer ‘02) (published)
V.Ruhlmann-KleiderPhysics at LHC, Praha Conclusions LEP did open the era of Higgs boson searches with both the direct searches and the precise EW measurements. SM Higgs boson: M H <211 GeV M H >114.4 GeV M H [115,118] GeV ? Br(H ± ) + Br(H ± cs) = 1 On most subjects, final combinations still to come Many other scenarios were investigated to test precise models beyond the SM or/and produce model-independent results on xBr