1. INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU
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CHAPTER
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY, THE INTERNET, AND YOU
The purpose of this book is to help the student become computer literate
Competent in computer–related skills
The goal is to be valuable immediately to a potential employer
Chapter one gives an overview of an information system
This system consists of the following:
People
Procedures
Software
Hardware
Data

2. Lecture Objectives Details about Software Component
Software Classification
System Software Details
Types of System Software

3. …Lecture Objectives
Discuss common features of most software applications
Discuss word processors and word processing features
Describe spreadsheets and spreadsheet features

4. System Software Handles technical details
Works with end users, application software, and computer hardware
Four types of programs
Operating system
Utilities
Device drivers
Language translators
System software is not a single program but is a collection of programs that handle hundreds of technical details
En-users focus on application programs more than the system software, but it is important to understand how system software works

5. System Software: Operating Systems
A collection of programs that handles technical tasks
Every computer has an operating system
Performs three types of functions
Manages computer resources
Provides user interface
Runs applications
Resources
coordinate input and outputs such as keyboard, microphones, printers, mouse, storage devices and memory
User interface
primarily graphical user interface (GUI)
use of icons
Applications
word processing
spreadsheets
databases
supporting multitasking
Windows most popular operating system
Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows 2000, Windows ME, Windows 2002, Windows XP
MAC OS – designed to run Macintosh computers
Unix – used by powerful microcomputers, servers on the Web, and minicomputers in network environment
Linux – non-proprietary operating systems that runs cross platform

6. Features of an Operating System
Booting
Features in common with application software
Icons
Pointers
Windows
Menus
Dialog boxes
Booting is the process of starting a computer
Warm boot – computer is already on and you restart it without turning off the power
Cold boot – starts a computer that has been turned off

7. Categories of Operating Systems
Hundreds of operating systems
Three basic categories
Embedded – hand-held
Network OS – linked computers
Stand-alone OS – desktop
Operating system is sometimes called the software environment or platform
Most are proprietary – owned and licensed by a corporation
Non-proprietary – source code is available to the public
Called open source
Linux is an open source program
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8. More on Operating Systems
OS often called software environment or platform
Operating systems commonly used by individuals
Windows – most widely used
Mac OS – powerful and easy to use
UNIX – network; originally designed for Web
LINUX – non proprietary; free from the Web
Note that LINUX is easier to learn; easily transfer to UNIX
UNIX originally designed as cross-platform to help “integrate” the Web
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9. Windows The most popular microcomputer operating system
Comes in a variety of different versions
Windows XP is the latest version
Windows has over 80 percent of the market
More application programs are designed to run under Windows

10. Mac OS An operating system designed to run on Apple computers
Not used as widely as Windows
Mac OS X is the latest version
First introduced in 1984
Provided one of the first GUIs
Powerful and easy to use operating system
Mac OS X provides photo quality icons and easy to use menus

11. Linux is a version of UNIX
UNIX and Linux
Unix operating system
Originally designed to run on minicomputers on a network
Used by powerful microcomputers
Linux is a version of UNIX
Not proprietary
Open source
UNIX
Used by powerful microcomputers and by servers on the Web
There are a large number of different versions of UNIX
LINUX is one of the most popular and powerful alternatives to the Windows operating system

12. System Software: Utilities
Specialized programs to make computing easier
Most essential utilities
Troubleshooting
Antivirus
Uninstall
Backup
File compression
Utilities – specialized programs designed to make computing easier
Hard disk crashes
Antivirus programs
Computer freeze-ups
Decrease operation slow-downs

13. Windows Utilities Backup Disk Cleanup Disk Defragmenter
These utilities can be accessed from the System Tools menu
Backup – makes a copy of all files or selected files
Disk Cleanup
Used for troubleshooting
Identifies and eliminates unneeded files on the hard disk
Disk Defragmenter
Locates and eliminates unnecessary fragments
Rearranges files and unused space

14. Backup
If you backup your files, you can protect your data from the effects of a disk failure

15. Disk Cleanup
When you search the Web, a variety of programs and files are saved to your hard drive
Use disk clean up to rid of these unnecessary files

16. Disk Defragmenter
Disk Defragmenter should be run on your computer often
Some en-users run this utility program daily, while some run it once a week

17. Device Drivers
Specialized programs that allow communication between a device and the computer
Loaded into memory each time
When a new device is added, new device drive must be installed
Device drivers - programs that work with operating system to allow communication between device(s) and rest of physical system

18. System Software: Device Driver
Instructs the processor about “how to make use of a hardware device?”
Application programs forwards any hardware access request (by the user) to the relevant system program.
Application Program
Device Driver
End User
A word processing application program sends a document for print to the printer’s driver program.

19. Installing a Printer Driver
A simple process using the Plug-n-Play ability of Microsoft Windows

20. A Look to the Future IBM's Aware Computer
IBM concentrating research efforts on eLiza
Handles time-consuming maintenance
Autonomic computer
Self-maintaining servers
Self-repairing
Self-protecting
Self-updating
Computers may be able to fix themselves in the future
Autonomic computing is a system that allows machines to run with little human intervention

21. Application Software Details

22. Application Software Basic applications Specialized applications
Called general-purpose or productivity applications
Common types
Word processors
Spreadsheets
Database management systems
Presentation graphics
Specialized applications
Not included in the course (slides will be available for self review)
Use the application for which it was designed: if you want to process text, use word
If need to sort information, use database rather than spreadsheet
Can create publications with Word; but presentation software and desktop publishing software are designed to do this type of task easier
Specialized Applications
Called special purpose applications
Common types
Graphics
Audio/video editors
Multimedia creation
Web authoring

23. Common Features Graphical User Interface (GUI) Windows Menus Toolbars
Help
Common features of software
User interface
GUI – graphical user interface
Mouse and pointer
Window
Menus
Pull-down or drop down menu bars
Toolbars
Buttons
Standard toolbars

24. Common Features of Application Programs
Getting Help
To provide the user with the information about all available options.
Help navigation should be easy to access.
Use of hyperlinks.
Use of indexed list.
Use of Answer Wizard.
Office Assistant

25. Toolbars Commonly used commands Contain shortcuts Most common Standard
Formatting
Open
Save
Print
Review the common toolbar commands with students
Open
File
Save
Save As
Print

26. Classes of Application Software
General Purpose Applications
Word Processing Programs
Spreadsheet Programs
Database Management Systems
Presentation Graphics

27. Word Processors Used to create text-based documents
Memos, letters, and faxes
Newsletters, manuals, and brochures
Three most widely used word processing programs
Microsoft Word
Corel WordPerfect
Lotus WordPro
One of the most flexible and widely used software tools
One of the first programs used by PC end-users
Used by most end-users

28. Word Processor Features
Word Wrap
Editing
Thesaurus
Spelling and grammar checkers
Find and Replace
Formatting
Font and font sizing
Character effects
Bulleted and numbered lists
italics
size
bold
Word wrap – automatically moves text to new line when prior line is full
Enter overrides and starts new line
Incorrect spelling is identified and alternatives offered
Identifies poor grammar and makes suggestions
Quickly locate with search or find commands
Automatic update of word(s) found with new word
colors

29. Creating a Report Report features AutoCorrect Footnote
Header or footer
Captions and cross references
Tables

30. Example Word Processors
Three Popular Word Processing Programs
Microsoft Word
Word Perfect
Lotus Word Pro

31. Spreadsheet Programs Main Features Organizing Data Manipulating Data
by making use of tables, coloring, 3D effects etc.
Manipulating Data
By making use of data values in formula & function calculations.
Graphing Data
By plotting data values on different types of graphs like bar charts, line graphs etc.

32. Spreadsheet Features Workbook files Worksheets Formulas Functions
Analytical graphs or charts
What if Analysis
Values are numbers used for calculations; labels are letters, numbers, or symbols used to represent text (social security number, phone number)
Formulas are calculations user creates
Functions are predefined formulas created by spreadsheet
What if
allows user to create different scenarios for different results
probably one of the most powerful tools of spreadsheet

33. Example Spreadsheet Programs
Three Popular Spreadsheet Programs
Microsoft Excel
Corel Quattro Pro
Lotus 1-2-3

34. Creating a Sales Forecast
Features
Worksheets
Text entries
Functions
Cells
Formulas

35. Creating a Chart Features Titling – makes the chart easier to read
Chart types
Chart – is based on a worksheet
Data labels
Legend