, forming a new plant. Sexual Reproduction In Plants 3 Forms in the Plant Kingdom: 1.Reproduction by flowers – produce seeds Also known as angiosperms (enclosed seeds - in a pod, shell or pulp) All flowering plants 2.Reproduction by cones – produce seeds Also known as gymnosperms (naked seeds - protected only by a seed coat) All conifer trees 3.Reproduction by spores – produce spores Ex: ferns, algae & mosses Reproduction in Flowering Plants Over ½ of all known plant species belong to angiosperm/
die…. Human uses of asexual plant reproduction Gardeners, nurseries Reproducing copies of plants with desirable characteristics using methods such as: 1)Stem cutting – in water or soil where new roots will form 2)Grafting - branch from plant with desirable features is attached to stem of other plant (common in orchards) 3)Tissue culture – piece of plant in test tube with growth media Sexual reproduction The product of sexual reproduction (in flowering plants) is a seed. Seed/
Plant Reproduction Reproduction in Flowering Plants Two Types of Reproduction: 1. Asexual Reproduction 2. Sexual Reproduction Asexual Reproduction The offspring are genetically identical to the parent i.e. a clone e.g. Strawberry plants Sexual Reproduction Each parent produces sex cells called gametes Fertilisation is the fusion (joining) between male and female gametes to produce a zygote. The offspring of sexual reproduction are not genetically identical to the parents. Sexual reproduction is more /
have been produced by meiosis Offspring are not genetically identical to either parent Sexual Reproduction In Mammals Reproduce by internal fertilization (male deposits sperm inside the reproductive tract of the female – where fertilization occurs) Meiosis used to produce the gametes: sperm and egg In Angiosperms (Flowering Plants) Meiosis used to produce the spores -- which in time will produce the gametes (pollen -male; egg - female) Reproduce by cross- pollination/
PLANT REPRODUCTION TYPES OF PLANT REPRODUCTION THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF PLANT REPRODUCTION : SEXUAL REPRODUCTION AND ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION. THE PART OF THE PLANT RESPONSIBLE FOR SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IS THE FLOWER. ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION OCCURS WHEN A NEW PLANT GROWS FROM THE STEM OR LEAVES OF AN EXISTING PLANT. ALL PLANTS. CAN REPRODUCE BY SEXUAL REPRODUCTION. SOME PLANTS CAN REPRODUCE BY BOTH METHODS. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION SEXUAL REPRODUCTION : IN PLANTS. A MALE SEX CELL AND A FEMALE SEX CELL UNITE INSIDE A FLOWER/
are 2 types of reproduction: – Sexual reproduction – Asexual reproduction Sexual Reproduction Most multicellular organisms use sexual reproduction to increase their numbers Sexual reproduction involves two parents, male and female, each producing sex cells from their sex organs Sexual Reproduction: copy In sexual reproduction, two parents (male and female) produce offspring. The offspring are similar but not identical Reproduction in Plants Flowering plants undergo sexual reproduction to produce seeds. The/
-G-O Plant Propagation: Reproduction of new plants Plant Propagation Test Review B-I-N-G-O Sexual Plant Propagation: Reproduction of new plants by seed or spore by uniting 2 gametes Plant Propagation Test Review B-I-N-G-O Seeds: 1 method of sexual plant production Plant Propagation Test Review B-I-N-G-O Spores Method of sexual plant reproduction Plant Propagation Test Review B-I-N-G-O Flower The reproductive portion of plant Plant Reproduction Test/
puncture vine (Tribulus terrestris) Squirrel hoarding seeds or fruits underground Ant carrying seed with nutritious “food body” to its nest Seeds dispersed in black bear feces Flowering plants reproduce sexually, asexually, or both Many angiosperm species reproduce both asexually and sexually Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from their parents Asexual reproduction results in a clone of genetically identical organisms © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Mechanisms of Asexual/
of mathematics to science and a botanist who aroused Mendel’s interest in the causes of variation in plants. These influences gelled in Mendel’s experiments. Mendellian Genetics Mendel studied seven different traits. Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Seed or pea color Flower color Seed pod color Seed shape or texture Seed pod shape Stem length Flower position 10.2 Mendelian Genetics Chapter 10 How Genetics Began The passing/
-2.4, 6-2.6 Sexual Reproduction Of Plants Sexual Reproduction Sexual reproduction in plants: a process of reproduction that requires pollen (sperm cell) and an ovule (egg cell) to continue to produce new organisms of plants. All flowering plants undergo sexual reproduction. Plants can be further classified by the method in which they reproduce: Spore- producing Seed-producing Cone-bearing plants Flowering plants Spore-producing Plants Spore-producing Spore-producing plants are plants that produce spores for/
38 Reproduction in Flowering Plants 38 Reproduction in Flowering Plants 38.1 How Do Angiosperms Reproduce Sexually? 38.2 What Determines the Transition from the Vegetative to the Flowering State? 38.3 How Do Angiosperms Reproduce Asexually? 38.1 How Do Angiosperms Reproduce Sexually? In angiosperms, flowers contain the sex organs. Nearly all reproduce sexually, many reproduce asexually as well. Sexual reproduction produces new gene combinations and diverse phenotypes. Asexual reproduction produces clones of/
–Why is this beneficial? increases genetic variety Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants What is pollination? –transfer of pollen from anther to stigma What happens after fertilization in flowering plants? –ovule matures into seed seed contains embryo & food –ripened ovary becomes the fruitripened ovary becomes the fruit Seed coat embryo Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants Sexual reproduction in humans… Sexual Reproduction in Animals *Accessory glands seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral/
are one of two types : Two types of Eukaryotic cells : All access: What are the 4 Characteristics of a plant : ? All access: What are the 4 Characteristics of a plant : ? Non-sexual. The plant makes spores? Non-sexual. The plant makes spores? Sexual reproduction (requires two plants of the same species): Sexual reproduction (requires two plants of the same species): does not have special tissue to move water and food through the/
Sexual Reproduction in Plants Sexual Reproduction – Plants! Cycle that allows plants to reproduce sexually is the same as in animals. Cycle that allows plants to reproduce sexually is the same as in animals. Seeds are the products of sexual reproduction in most plants. Seeds are the products of sexual reproduction in most plants. Seed – contains an embryo, a food supply, and a seed coat, which protects the seed from drying out. Seed – contains an embryo, a food supply, and a seed coat/
be beneficial to a successful plant in a stable environment However, a clone of plants is vulnerable to local extinction if there is an environmental change Sexual reproduction generates genetic variation that makes evolutionary adaptation possible However, only a fraction of seedlings survive Mechanisms That Prevent Self-Fertilization Many angiosperms have mechanisms that make it difficult or impossible for a flower to self-fertilize Dioecious species/
Plant Reproduction System PLANT BREEDING AGR 3204 Plant Reproduction System Plant Reproduction System The reproduction mechanism of a particular plant species or the way it reproduces determines its genetic characteristics the breeding approach. 1. Sexual Reproduction Using sex organs to form next generation / to produce seeds. 1. Sexual reproduction/ the same flower/plant due to genetic factor (self incompatibility gene) Example: Potato, passion fruit and starfruit. Cross pollination(cont.) In some species,/
-PS3-1) MP.2 Reason abstractly and quantitatively. (MS-PS3-1),(MS-PS3-4),(MS-PS3-5) Bell Work! its importance in plant survival. Explain sexual reproduction of plants and its importance in plant survival. Explain how pollination occurs and describe the different types of pollination. Explain fertilization in flowering plants. Explain the structures and formation of seeds. Describe the conditions for seed germination. Interest Approach Using the provided perfect/
male gametophyte female gametophyte prothallus capsule Spore formation moss mushroom fern FUNGI ARE NOT PLANTS. spores spores Stolons Bulbs Stem tubers Vegetative reproduction white clover stolon bud onion garlic Stolons Bulbs potato Stem tubers Artificial methods Artificial asexual reproduction in plants Layering Cuttings Grafting FLOWER gametophyte reproductive organs gametes Sexual reproduction in plants anther pollen grains filament stamen sepals (calyx) stigma style ovary ovules pistil petals (corolla/
Primary method of reproduction for the vast majority of visible organisms, including almost all animals and plants. Plants reproduce sexually: through flowers, cones or seeds. Sexual reproduction has the advantage of /in female cones once the ovules are fertilized. Reproduction in flowering plants: Pollination and Fertilization Seed development Seed dispersal Flowers can either have male reproductive organs (stamens), female reproduction organs (pistils or carpels) and often a flower/
Reproduction in Flowering Plants Types of reproduction Asexual – the production of clones; no other plant necessary Sexual – gametophytes formed; pollination is necessary Asexual reproduction Also called vegetative reproduction Asexual reproduction occurs in various ways: - production of rhizomes (modified stems); could be ‘eyes’ on potatoes - from fragments of roots or shoots (e.g dandelions, quack grass Costs and benefits Benefits? Advantageous traits will be passed on Less energy than sexual reproduction/
photosynthesis nourish the mycorrhizal fungi. About 90% of all plants have symbiotic partnerships with glomeromycetes. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. 69 17.14 Fungi are classified into five groups Ascomycetes, or sac fungi form saclike structures called asci, which produce spores in sexual reproduction, live in marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats, and range in size from unicellular yeast to elaborate morels and cup fungi. Some ascomycetes live/
-vascular plants (bryophytes) are gametophyte (n) in adulthood form. PLANT REPRODUCTION Dioecious or perfect flowers have both female and male parts on the one flower. Monoecious or imperfect flowers have male or female parts. Note: both types of plants use sexual reproduction not self-pollination as the choice of reproductive method. Why???? Monoecious-note the differences ex: squash, bakeapple, corn Dioecious— note the stamen(male) and carpel (female) You label Sexual Reproduction in plants http/
agencies like air, water birds and another animals including man. 1. Name the various modes of sexual reproduction in plants? Ans. [1] vegetative production [2] budding [4] spore information [3] fragmentation 2. Name the male reproductive part of the flower? Ans. Stamen. 3. Write the name of female reproductive part of the flower ? Ans. Pistil 4. What are male gametes? Ans. Anther contains pollen grains which reproduce male/
diagram below Identify the process occurring in the diagram below. Support your answer. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VPHFzHRyZ1k Topic: Reproduction Aim: Describe the structure of a flower and how it uses sexual reproduction. Do Now: Take out your HW and the Seeds ISN HW: CL Sexual Reproduction due Monday< March 9th Reproduction Exam on Tuesday, March 10th 1. How do non-flowering plants reproduce? Grow from spores instead/
Reproduction in Flowering Plants Sexual Reproduction in Plants Flowers contain the sex organs of plants. They have four groups of organs: carpels, stamens, petals, and sepals. Sexual Reproduction in Plants Carpels are female sex organs. A pistil is a structure composed of one or more carpels. The base of the pistil is the ovary, which contains one or more ovules. /
Speciation Potential parapatric speciation in sweet vernal grass/buffalo grass, Anthoxanthum odoratum, triggered by adaptation to heavy metal contaminated soils in many locations globally Divergence in flowering times (reproductive isolation) between the/ thoroughly studied in Drosophila and in a a variety of plants Sexual Isolation in Sympatric and Allopatric Populations Here is Drosophila data which demonstrates that reproductive isolating mechanisms are more important when species arise in sympatry The X/
she becomes more crowded, you may feel less movement. Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants The processes of meiosis and fertilization occur in the flower, a plant structure specialized for reproduction. I CAN Illustrate the development of plant and animal embryos. Flower Structure The flower may contain both the male reproductive organ, the stamen, and the female reproductive organ, the pistil. In some species, certain flowers contain only stamens, while others contain only pistils. Petals/
the two???? Sexual Reproduction in Plants ► Sexual reproduction in plants is the production of seeds. ► Producing seeds requires combining a pollen grain and ovum (egg). This combines genes from 2 different parents and causes the plants to be genetically different. What are some benefits of genetic variation???? ► Sexual reproduction in seed plants usually involves flowers. What function do the flowers serve????? ► There are other ways that plants reproduce sexually that don’t involve flowers but they/
care for the young seems to equalize parental investment but other factors suggest they do exhibit sexual selection not a monogamous species sexually dimorphic suggests that there is female choice involved The quality of the potential parents may vary / (females) had equal success in producing seed and it did not matter which male was the pollen provider Thus, reproductive success of males is more limited by access to pollinators than is the females Remember, Yellow flowered plants got ¾ of the pollinator /
sexual reproduction Date 1.What is tissue culture? a.The process of connecting two plant parts together in such a way that they will unite and grow as a single plant b.Growing fertilized seeds into mature plants c.Dividing plant roots or the entire plant into two or more plants by cutting the original plant d.Growing plant cells or small pieces of plant/dioxide, and optimum temperatures 2. What is the most common method of propagation in flowering and vegetable crops? a. leaf cutting b. Division of roots c. /
in 1753. He published Species Plantarum in 1753. He based his plant classification system on the plant’s method of reproduction and structure of reproductive parts. He based his plant classification system on the plant’s method of reproduction and structure of reproductive/ plant groups to evolve. Angiosperms were the last of the seed plant groups to evolve. Angiosperms all produce flowers containing the sexual reproduction structures. Angiosperms all produce flowers containing the sexual reproduction /
produces gametes by mitosis – after fertilization the cycle returns to the sporophyte stage 10-3 Alternation of generations in flowering plants Fig 10.1 10-4 Sexual reproduction in flowering plants cont’d. Overview of plant life cycle –Flower- reproductive structure of angiosperms –The diploid sporophyte is the predominant stage The sporophyte bears flowers; flowers produce 2 spore types –Megaspore-develops into female gametophyte-embryo sac –Microspore-develops into the male gametophyte-pollen/
Foliage leaves Coleoptile Fig. 38-10d Apple flower Stigma Stamen Ovule Apple fruit (d) Accessory fruit Sepal Petal Style Ovary (in receptacle) Sepals Seed Receptacle Remains of stamens and styles Concept 38.2: Plants reproduce sexually, asexually, or both Many angiosperm species reproduce both asexually and sexually Sexual reproduction results in offspring that are genetically different from their parents Asexual reproduction results in a clone of genetically identical organisms Copyright/
the vast majority of macroscopic organisms, including almost all animals and plants. Evolutionary theory has now explanation for why sexual reproduction exits. Sexual Reproduction Basic Genetics (BJ2 p125) Mendel Genetics Mendel Did his work at the University of Vienna in 1850s and 1860s. Mendel discovered that by crossing white flower and purple flower plants, the result was not a hybrid offspring. Rather than being a mix of the two/
life cycle. Grows vegetation in one year. Flowers and dies off second year Ex. Celery, asparagus, wild carrot Perennial: life span of 2 + years Ex. Trees, shrubs Tomato Reproductive Cycle Developing Buds Immature Flowers Mature Flower Fertilized Flower Developing Fruit Immature Fruit Mature Fruit SEXUAL & ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION Sexual & Asexual Reproduction Sexual: Propagation is by seed Asexual: Propagation is the increase of plants by vegetative methods. Sexual Reproduction Advantages more economical/
from the mother and exactly half from the father. Offspring gamete Sexual Reproduction in Plants Plant have specialized anatomical parts to help them with sexual reproduction. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FsBQQDg5GIw Male Reproductive Anatomy in Plants stamen-The male reproductive part on a flower anther- The part of the stamen that contains pollen. pollen- Tiny particles in plants that contain the male reproductive genes. filaments- The part of the stamen that holds up/
. oThe genetic contribution from each parent is a single cell, either a sperm or an egg. oThis type of sexual reproduction is common in most animals, however it is not the case for some animals and all flowering plants. Chapter 7 - Reproduction13 Sexual Reproduction in Plants oIf you examine a flower, the most common situation is that it will have both pollen producing organs (stamens) and egg producing organs (carpels/
. Seeds grow into sporophytes. Sexual Reproduction in Gymnosperms UNIT 5 Chapter 14: Plants: Reproduction, Growth, and Sustainability Section 14.1 Angiosperm sexual reproduction involves the flower organ. Flowers have: sepals – protect the flower bud petals – attract pollinators Pollination takes place on the stigma. Female gametophytes develop in the ovules, where eggs are formed. Sexual Reproduction in Angiosperms UNIT 5 Section 14.1 Chapter 14: Plants: Reproduction, Growth, and Sustainability stamens/
plants from parts of stems. ► Other plants can reproduce from roots or leaves. ► Some crustaceans, such as water fleas, reproduce by parthenogenesis. Parthenogenesis is a process in which a female makes a viable egg that grows into an adult without being fertilized by a male. ► Most eukaryotic organisms reproduce sexually. ► In sexual reproduction/like we have seen, where one trait is completely dominant Incomplete Dominance in Four O’Clock Flowers C) Codominance ► when both genes of a heterozygote are both /
ASEXUAL 2. LIFE CYCLES OF PLANTS AND INSECTS 3. FLOWERS AS REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES 4. REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN ANIMALS COMPARING ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Definition of asexual reproduction: No fertilisation Only one parent No genetic variation as opposed to... Lorraine Kuun, July 2011 Fertilization Two parents Genetic variation Gametes fuse to form zygote, containing genes from both parents. /
allele from each parent resulting in two alleles for each trait. Mendelian Genetics Section 2 Mendel’s Law of Segregation Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Mendelian Genetics Section 2 Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment Sexual Reproduction and Genetics Mendel found that the inheritance of one trait, such as plant height, did not influence the inheritance of any other trait, such as flower color. The law of independent/
ASEXUAL 2. LIFE CYCLES OF PLANTS AND INSECTS 3. FLOWERS AS REPRODUCTIVE STRUCTURES 4. REPRODUCTIVE STRATEGIES IN ANIMALS COMPARING ASEXUAL AND SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Definition of asexual reproduction: No fertilisation Only one parent No genetic variation as opposed to... Lorraine Kuun, July 2011 Fertilization Two parents Genetic variation Gametes fuse to form zygote, containing genes from both parents. /
happiness grief an mounring etc. Sexual reproduction is the process of formation and fusion of haploid gametes resulting in the production of a diploid zygote that grows to produce a new individual or offspring. Flower has two types of sex organs/). This method of embryo sac formation from a single megaspore is termed MONOSPORIC development. Female Gametophyte: In a majority of flowering plants, one of the megaspore is functional while the other three degenerate. Only the functional megaspore develops into/
display. See separate FlexArt PowerPoint slides for all figures and tables pre-inserted into PowerPoint without notes. 1 Sexual Reproduction in Flowering Plants 2 mitosis 1 6 7 8 FERTILIZATION seed sporophyte egg sperm Male gametophyte (pollen graIn) haploid(n) diploid(2n) 3 4 MEIOSIS Female gametophyte (embryo sac) megaspore 2 ovary ovule /
the worksheet. Plant Reproduction Plants reproduce and make seeds via their sexual organs, flowers. This needs to occur for the survival of their species. Flowering plants are known as angiosperms. Not all plants flower and reproduce this way. Although all flowers have common parts, variations occur within these parts. Flowering plants make up the most of the Plant Kingdom- i.e. there are more flowering plants than any other type of plants. Many flowering plants form fruit around/
. Male and female sex organs develop on the end of stems or branches. Asexual reproduction may also occur by spore production. Asexual reproduction may also occur by spore production. Organisms that reproduce sexually Flowering Plants Internal fertilization occurs in flowering plants. Internal fertilization occurs in flowering plants. The process of Pollination occurs. Male gametes are formed in special cases called Pollen. Pollination is the transfer of pollen to the female part of/
lack one of the four main parts - petals, sepals, pistil, or stamen male flowers will not have a pistil and female flowers will lack stamen monoecious: plants that have male and female flowers on the same plant dioecious: plants that have male and female flowers on separate plants www.OneLessThing.net12 Sexual Reproduction in Plants fertilization: when the male sex cell joins with the female sex cell (the ovule) the pollen grain/
‐LS1‐4) 7.RP.A.2 Recognize and represent proportional relationships between quantities. (MS‐PS3‐1),(MS‐PS3‐5) Bell Work Explain sexual reproduction of plants and its importance in plant survival. Explain how pollination occurs and describe the different types of pollination. Explain fertilization in flowering plants. Explain the structures and formation of seeds. Describe the conditions for seed germination. Teacher: Interest Approach Using the provided perfect/
to reproduce.We know that a characteristic of life is to reproduce. PLANT REPRODUCTION Plants have sexual reproduction.Plants have sexual reproduction. In order to discover how they do it, we will investigate and study their sexual structures.In order to discover how they do it, we will investigate and study their sexual structures. PLANT REPRODUCTION VIDEOS ovary The ovary of the flower is where the seeds develop. As we know, seeds contain an embryo/
A new diploid cell is formed - this is a zygote Site of gamete production - plants The reproductive parts of a plant are found in the flower The male sex cells are found in pollen grains These are found inside an anther Female egg cells are called ovules - found within the ovary Reproduction in plants - pollination The transfer of pollen from an anther to a stigma The stigma is the/
