1. Bell Ringer Make a prediction: What is a doffer? As we read the comic: Write down in your bell ringer at least five details about the story.

2. Early Industrial Life Essential Question: What were the social and economic effects of the Industrial Revolution?

3. Life in the New Industrial City  The Industrial Revolution brought rapid urbanization, or the movement of people to cities.  The poor lived in tenements, multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments.  No sewage or sanitation system = spread of disease  Rich lived in nice neighborhoods

4. The Factory System  Factory system created a harsh new way of life  12-16 hour work day  Dangerous machines / breathing conditions  Sick or injured lost their jobs  Employed women and children (as young as 5)  Orphans were especially useful

5. The Working Class and the New Middle Class WORKING CLASS  Had to adjust to city life  Often protested low pay and harsh conditions (with little success)  Methodist Church

6. The Working Class and the New Middle Class MIDDLE CLASS  Entrepreneurs – businessmen who found new ways and took risks in order to make a profit.  Benefited from Ind. Rev. -> RICH  Women were “ladies” their place was in the home  Believed the poor were responsible for their own misery.

7. Industrial Capitalism  An economic system based on industrial production or manufacturing  A free market would produce more goods at lower prices, making them affordable to everyone.  A growing economy would encourage capitalists to reinvest profits in new ventures.

8. Laissez-Faire Economics  Thomas Malthus - Population would outpace the food supply.  If population rises the poor suffer -> poor people should have fewer children.  David Ricardo  “Iron law of wages”

9. Utilitarianism and Socialism  As a response to the poor conditions during the Ind. Rev. new economic theories developed  John Stuart Mill wanted the government to step in to improve the hard lives of the working class.

10. Utilitarianism and Socialism As a response to the poor conditions during the Ind. Rev. new economic theories developed  Socialism - The people as a whole, rather than private individuals, own and operate the means of production.  The farms, factories, railways, and other large business that produced and distributed goods.  The Utopians wanted to build self- sufficient communities in which all work was shared and all property owned in common.  Utilitarianism - The idea that the goal of society should be “the greatest happiness for the greatest number” of its citizens.

11. Communism Karl Marx, co-author of the Communist Manifesto believed:  History was a class struggle b/w “haves” and “have-nots.”  Bourgeoisie vs Proletariat (working class)  Proletariat would take control (violent revolution) and setup a classless/stateless society

12. Was the Industrial Revolution a Blessing or a Curse? The Industrial Revolution initially created major problems:  Low pay  Unemployment  Dismal living conditions  Pollution The Industrial Revolution eventually created positive changes:  The increasing demand for mass- produced goods led to the creation of more jobs.  Wages rose.  The cost of railroad travel fell.  Horizons widened and opportunities increased.

13. Essential Question What were the social and economic effects of the Industrial Revolution?