1. Fermentation TechnologyBy
Thanut Amatayakul
Faculty of Agricultural Product Innovation and Technology
Srinakharinwirot University

2. Outline Definition of Fermentation
Biotechnology Products from fermentation
Microorganisms
Media
Upstream processing
Downstream processing

3. Please give me a list of products made from fermentation process

5. A –----------------> B
Definition
Fermentation
A process that use microbial cells or enzymes as biocatalysts to bring about specific chemical and/or physical changes in biochemical materials derived from the medium (Smith, 2009).
agents
A – > B

6. Substrate
Substrate
Process
Process
Product
Organism
Organism
MONEY

7. Fermentation parameters
Important parameters
Specific growth rate (m)
Yield : product / substrate
Productivity : product / time
Further information

8. Common features in Fermentation
Growing large amount of cells
Under controlled conditions (Temperature, pH, Oxygen, Agitation, Medium)
Use a Bioreactor
Optimization
Harvesting at finishing

10. Types of Fermentation Batch (Single feed at the start)
Fed Batch (Incremental adding of media)
Continuous (input = output)

11. Types of Fermenter/Bioreactor
Air-lift : use air for mixing
Stirred Tank bioreactor : domination, use turbine for mixing, several types of turbine, common for bacteria
Photo-bioreactor : use light, for algae or plant cell culture
Solid state fermneter (Koji fermentation)

12. Microorganisms Sigmoid curve (lag, log, stationary, death phase)

13. Products from fermentation
Growth association
Primary metabolites
It is the substances that are necessary for MO growth and development. This primary metabolites are produce during growth of microorganisms Ex.. Alcohol, Glytamate, Citric acid
Secondary metabolites\
It is the substances that are not necessary for MO growth and development. It is usually accumulate during nutrient limitation. Ex. Atibiotics

15. Media MO need foods (media) C- and N- source (high concentration
Also minerals and co factors
Most biotechnological fermentation industry use cheap raw materials.
It can be by-products or waste from another industry.

17. Upstream processing Steps from beginning until producing products
It is usually carried out within a fermenter.
The condition for producing such product have to be optimized.
Excluding contamination
Good mixing
Controlled environmental parameters (pH, temperature, oxygen)
Nutrient

18. Smith (2009)

19. How to control Sterilization: stream
Temperature : cooling water outside or jacket
pH : acid or base feeding
Oxygen : sparging with clean air or oxygen
Nutrient : mixing or feeding (fed batch or continuous)

21. Downstream processing
Steps to separate products from fermenting medium
Lots of water
Cells, enzymes, amino acids, acids, ….
Use equipments:
Centrifuge (more like washing machine)
Filtration (microfiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis)
Evaporator
Drying
Crystallization

22. Examples of fermentation
Wine
Sake
Meso
Bioethanol

23. Questions What are requirements that a fermenter should have?
What should be the key point of media for fermentation?
What is the benefit of Fed batch fermentation compared with batch fermentation?