1. ANCIENT GREECE

2. Ancient Times - The Achaeans (Greeks)
The Ancient GREEKS timeline
Ancient Times - The Achaeans (Greeks)
City-States develop
Athens vs. Sparta
Alexander the Great
Decline of the Greeks
Trojan War
Roman Era

3. Ancient Greece
Greece
Europe

4. The Ancient GREEKS
The country of Greece was once divided into around 100 city-states. A city-state is a city and the land around a city. A city-state has its own government, laws, and army. It started with just a few...

5. But eventually there were many Greek city-states...
The Ancient GREEKS
But eventually there were many Greek city-states...

6. Types of Government

7. The Ancient GREEKS
There were other types of governments in other city-states such as the following.

8. The Ancient GREEKS
Tyranny:
A person seizes power illegally. They cannot claim that they have the right to rule.
Example: When the oligarchies of ancient Greece were overthrown, tyrants took over.

9. But in Sparta, the wealthy were called the Oligarchy.
The Ancient GREEKS
But in Sparta, the wealthy were called the Oligarchy.

10. a government led by a small group of generals and soldiers.
The Ancient GREEKS
Oligarchy:
a government led by a small group of generals and soldiers.
Example: The city-state of Sparta was led by an oligarchy of warriors.

11. The Ancient GREEKS
Monarchy:
When the rule is in the hands of one person, a king. Sometimes chosen by people, and their sons took over after.
Example: The city-states of Greece were once ruled by kings. Eventually, they lost all power to the elite .

12. The Ancient GREEKS
The Greek city-states were very wealthy and the people who owned land, were called the aristocracy.

13. Example: The Greeks were once ruled by the aristocracy.
The Ancient GREEKS
Aristocracy:
A government in which a few elite and wealthy citizens rule and have power
Example: The Greeks were once ruled by the aristocracy.

14. The Ancient GREEKS
Democracy:
Rule by the people or a government in which many people are able to participate and vote
Example: Greeks believed that all male citizens had a right to vote on matters.

15. The Ancient GREEKS
But over time, democracy, where each citizen had a vote and majority rules, developed in Athens and then spread to other parts of ancient Greece.

17. Minoans vs Mycenaeans Minoans Mycenaeans Lived on island of Crete
1st Greek Civilization
Traded with Egypt and Mesopotamia things like pottery
Left island because so many earthquakes destroyed their city
Lived on Peloponnesus or mainland
Named after city-state of Mycenae
Conquered the Minoans
Traded with Italy, Egypt and Mesopotamia

18. Athens vs. Sparta

19. The Ancient GREEKS ATHENS SPARTA Democracy
Traded with other city-states
Men became citizens at 20
wanted citizens to be educated
and cultured:
- literature and poetry
- music
- art, painting, and sculpture
- philosophy
SPARTA
Oligarchy
Did not trade because they didn’t trust anyone
Men became citizens after passing fitness test
wanted citizens to be a physically
fit, strong, well-trained, marching
army.
focused on exercise and military
training.

20. The Ancient GREEKS
SPARTA
ATHENS

21. Military Athens Boys required to attend training.
After they were free to live their lives however they wanted.
Built a very strong navy.
Protected their lands from Sparta.

22. Education Athens Boys went to school.
Studied: reading, writing, math, drawing, public speaking, music and philosophy. .
Very important that their citizens be WELL educated.
Girls learned to manage home, read & write.

23. Women Athens Caring for children. Support husband with work.
Cannot leave house without a male escort.
No say in government.
Less freedom than Spartan women.

24. Athens Government Direct Democracy. Male citizens had right to vote.
In meetings held every 10 days, assembly, anyone over 18 can vote. .
Encouraged to voice their opinions.

25. SPARTA Military Known for their legendary fighting.
Used the phalanx formation—side by side in rows.
Used shields, spears and short swords.
Served for 40 years before they can retire.

26. SPARTA Education Centered around the military.
Reading, writing, military strategies.
Life was harsh with in military school.
Taught to fight one another and given very little food.

27. SPARTA Women More freedom than Athenian women.
Responsible for house because men are at war.
Could travel, own property, and inherit goods.
Could not participate in gov’t.

28. SPARTA Government Oligarchy government
Two kings ruled at the same time—best generals.
Council of Elders—were judges and had a lot of power.
They could kick people out or execute them.

29. The Acropolis in Athens
A special place in each city-state was set aside to build temples to the many Greek gods. The temples were often built on a hill or over-looking the city. This area was called the acropolis.

30. The Acropolis in Athens

31. The Acropolis in Athens

32. The Acropolis in Athens

33. The Acropolis in Athens

34. The Acropolis in Athens

35. The Acropolis in Athens

36. The Parthenon in Athens
The Greeks built many temples to their many gods. One of the most famous is the Parthenon. It was a temple to the goddess Athena built high atop the acropolis in Athens. The ruins of the temple are still there today.

37. Terms & Definitions

38. Agora
Marketplace in Ancient Greece

39. A G O R

40. Assembly
Meeting at the top of the hill, where they met every 10 days to vote on an issue. They needed 6,000 people to vote.

41. ASSEMBLY

42. Phalanx
Military formation, where they stood shoulder to shoulder, and made a walking wall.

43. Phalanx

44. Acropolis
Top of the city where a temple was built for the god/goddess.

45. Acropolis

46. Parthenon
Temple at the top of Athens built for Athena, goddess of wisdom.

47. Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey
Read-Aloud

48. Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey
Homer was the first Greek writer. He was a blind man, so he listened to all the stories about his ancient people and wrote them down using Greek alphabet.

49. Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey
He wrote about a famous war between the ­­­­Greeks and the Trojans called the Trojan War. He writes about it in this long poem he called The Iliad. This poem only covers the last year of the war, and talks about the grudge that existed between the Greeks and Trojans.

50. Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey
After he finished writing The Iliad, he wrote another story called The Odyssey. This talks about Odysseus, who was a Greek warrior that fought in the Trojan War. When Odysseus was sailing home after the war, he ran into all kinds of trouble, and this was a poem about it.

51. The myth of the Sea goddess Thetis, dipping baby Achilles in the river to make him immortal to arrows !

52. Menelaus and Paris ready to fight, when Aphrodite swoops down and takes Paris away!

53. Achilles dragging the body of lifeless Hector!

54. Paris kills Achilles!

55. The Horse enters the City of Troy!

56. Social Life in Greece

57. Jigsaw Activity Topic Illustrate it 3 facts about it
Divide into groups of 4
Grab a
Poster
Topic
Markers
Read among your
group your section
Complete this poster
about it!
3 facts about it 1. 2. 3.
Topic
Illustrate it
Use it in a sentence of your own

58. Greek Houses

59. Greek Houses

60. Greek Houses

61. Greek Houses

62. Greek Clothing

63. Greek Clothing

64. Philosophers of Ancient Greece

65. What is Philosophy?
Philosophy is the practice of asking really BIG questions that have no clear answer or that have more than one answer. It’s a Greek word that means love and wisdom.

66. Socrates
He questioned the existence of the gods and this angered the Greeks because it was something that had never been done before. 
He was accused of corrupting the young people of Athens and was sentenced to death. 
Many of his close friends wanted to help him escape from prison, but he drank poison and died.

67. Plato Plato was born to a
wealthy family and was a student of the great philosopher Socrates.  
Plato founded the first university, called the Academy.
Believed women should receive the same education as men.
He believed in the unseen world.
What a smart guy!

68. Aristotle
Aristotle was a Macedonian. He lived in Athens for 20 years and was the student of Plato.
After Plato died, King Phillip of Macedonia offered Aristotle a job as tutor to the king's young son, Alexander. 
He taught Alexander to admire and respect the Greeks. 

70. PELOPONNESIAN WAR

71. The Peloponnesian Wars

72. The Peloponnesian Wars
The Spartans believed that the Athenians wanted to take charge of all of the city-states in Greece, and so they began to fight the Athenians. These were called the Peloponnesian Wars, and they lasted from BC. The Spartans won and became the ruling city-state of Greece for a short time.

73. The Greek PHALANX military formation
The Greeks developed a very effective military formation, called the Phalanx in which soldiers march closely together with long spears and shields to protect the whole group and create a nearly impenetrable wall.

74. Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great was the king of Macedonia who led a conquest against King Darius III and the Persian Empire.

75. Alexander the Great’s Empire
Under Alexander the Great, the Greek Empire included Greece, Anatolia (Turkey), Northern Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, and parts of India. This was the largest the Greek Empire would become. After Alexander’s death, his generals divided the empire and ruled over parts of it.

76. Athens vs. Sparta Essay
Now that you have completed the reading about Athens (Source 1) and Sparta (Source 2), write a two paragraph essay contrasting the way of life in both city-states.
Using your two sources, develop a thesis/controlling idea that is relevant to both sources. Clearly organize your essay and elaborate your ideas. Unless quoting directly from the sources, use your own words. Be sure to reference the source title or number when quoting or paraphrasing details and facts from the sources.