1.  In this unit you will: impact  Assess the impact of TPS on participants.  Identify jobs  Identify jobs that have changed or have been created as a results of TPS. implications  Report on the implications of these changes. alternatives  Discuss alternatives to TPS. need to be tested  Explain why these alternatives need to be tested periodically bias, security, integrity and accuracy  Learn how the issues of bias, security, integrity and accuracy affect TPS. 10 March 2016 Issues related to TPS 1

2. Automation of jobs… Refers to the use of IT to perform tasks once performed by people. data entry operators  Clerks have become data entry operators. replaced  TPS have replaced most of the dull repetitive tasks. eliminated  The use of the ATM have eliminated many jobs. customer  The customer have become a data entry operator. boosted efficiencyincreased services.  TPS have boosted efficiency and increased services. upgrading  Workers have to keep on upgrading their skills or face being replaced by more skilled workers. 10 March 2016 Issues related to TPS 2

3. …Automation of jobs part time  Banks employs more part time tellers since many withdrawals are done at ATM’s  Paying bills by phone  Paying bills by phone - listening to a recorded instruction.  Data collected directly  Data collected directly from customer over the Internet not from a shop assistant. eliminated created  IT have eliminated some jobs and created new ones. 10 March 2016 Issues related to TPS 3

4. What happens if the system breaks down? regular backups. 1. Set up procedures for regular backups. 2. Safe storagesoftware. 2. Safe storage of originals copies of all software. regular fire drills. 3. Have regular fire drills. 4. Test the data backup 4. Test the data backup procedures. 5. Check and test 5. Check and test replacement equipment. A disaster plan is a plan of action to recover from events that shut down or damage major information systems 10 March 2016 Issues related to TPS 4

5. Bias is a systematic inaccuracy due to methods used in the collection, processing or presenting of data. methods and sources  Data collection methods and sources should be specified carefully and the protocols strictly adhered to. checked and verified.  Data sources should always be checked and verified. field tested  Data entry forms should be field tested before being used EFTPOS and ATM  Collecting data from EFTPOS and ATM – not an issue. processing and presentation  Problems occur at the processing and presentation stages stages: manipulated.  Presenting tables and charts can be manipulated. deliberately misrepresented.  Results and trends can be deliberately misrepresented. 10 March 2016 Issues related to TPS 5

6. Refers to the protection of data once is has been collected. 1. Restricting user accesspasswords. 1. Restricting user access - using passwords. access levels 2. Setting user access levels. encrypted 3. Highly sensitive data should be encrypted or stored offline in a locked location. Firewals 4. The use of Firewals : Checking passwords. Verifying and authenticating all incoming data. Multiple firewalls can be placed at critical points. 10 March 2016 Issues related to TPS 6

7. Errors may occur at many stages: collection  Data collection errors entry  Data entry errors  Out-of-date  Out-of-date errors  Mismatching  Mismatching errors Steps for improving data accuracy:  Careful design  Careful design /wording accuracy (data validation)  Checking data for accuracy (data validation) out-of-range  Missing or out-of-range data should be detected. 10 March 2016 Issues related to TPS 7

8. Refers to the reliability of the data.(ACID)  Atomicity  Atomicity - occurs when all of the steps involved in a transaction are completed as a group.  Consistency  Consistency - occurs when a transaction successfully transforms the system and the DB from one valid state to another.  Isolation  Isolation - transactions must not interfere with each other’s DB updates.  Durability  Durability - all changes that a transaction makes to the DB become permanent when the transaction is committed. 10 March 2016 Issues related to TPS 8

9. Refers to the collecting of data and includes the way the TPS manipulates the data and the way errors are corrected.  Monitoring  Monitoring participants performances.  Motivating  Motivating them towards greater efficiencies.  Computer technology  Computer technology makes monitoring easy: E.g.  Time spent on the Internet  Cost of resources the use, (printer and stationery)… abused to intimidate  Can be abused to intimidate workers and increase stress levels machines.  Treats workers like machines. must agree  Workers and management must agree on how to use this data. rivalry and rewards  Friendly rivalry and rewards can motivate workers and improve performance. 10 March 2016 Issues related to TPS 9

10. After studying this unit you should be able to: impact  Assess the impact of TPS on participants.  Identify jobs  Identify jobs that have changed or have been created as a results of TPS. implications  Report on the implications of these changes. alternatives  Discuss alternatives to TPS. need to be tested  Explain why these alternatives need to be tested periodically bias, security, integrity and accuracy  Describe how the issues of bias, security, integrity and accuracy affect TPS. 10 March 2016 Issues related to TPS 10