1. Exercise 26 Functional Anatomy of The Urinary System

2. Renal capsule a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney and covered in a thick layer of adipose tissue. It provides some protection from trauma and damage. Gross Anatomy of the Human Urinary System

3. Organs of the Urinary System Figure 15.1a Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra

5. Internal Anatomy of the Kidney Renal cortex —outer region; contains most of nephron structure Renal medulla —inside the cortex Renal pelvis —inner collecting tube Renal or medullary pyramids —triangular regions of tissue in the medulla; contains mostly collecting ducts Renal columns —extensions of cortex-like material inward that separate the pyramids Calyces —cup-shaped structures that funnel urine towards the renal pelvis Renal or fibrous capsule -- a tough fibrous layer surrounding the kidney

7. Functional Microscopic Anatomy of the Kidney

8. e c g a n k b fd h

9. This is a low power view of a cross section through the kidney. Note the inner medullary tissue (green) surrounded by the outer cortical tissue (blue) Kidney

10. Cortex Identify a glomerulus, which appears as a ball of tightly packed material containing many small nuclei Notice the vacant appearing region corresponding to the glomerular capsule that surrounds it. The balance of the kidney tissue consists of renal tubules.

11. The renal corpuscle is where plasma is filtered from capillaries into the renal tubules. At the center of renal corpuscle is the glomerulus, a meshwork of capillaries. The glomerulus is surrounded by Bowman's capsule

12. Proximal Convoluted Tubule Appreciate the cuboidal appearance and the fine brush border present in proximal convoluted tubule cells. What is the purpose of this brush border epithelium?

13. Loop of Henle (D) Descending limbs of the loop of Henle look similar to the proximal tubule, with apical brush borders. (Blue) (A) Ascending limbs are composed of cuboidal cells, but unlike the proximal convoluted tubule, they do not have apical brush borders. (Green) (C) Collecting ducts can also be seen on this slide. They can be easily distinguished by the presence of prominent lateral borders between adjacent cells. (Orange)

14. Loop of Henle Descending limb, with its brush border similar to that of the proximal tubule. (Blue) Ascending limb lacks this brush border and its cells have a more squamous appearance. (Red) Collecting duct can be observed. (Purple)

15. Collecting Ducts

16. Renal Pelvis Urine in the collecting ducts eventually empties into the renal pelvis. Renal pelvis is the initial dilated portion of ureter.

17. Ureter

18. Urinary Bladder Compare the transitional epithelium between a relaxed bladder and a distended bladder. The urinary bladder is lined by transitional epithelium, underneath which are thick layers of smooth muscle interwoven in various directions.

19. Urethra