1. ICT 106 - PROGRAMMING INTRODUCTION

2. WHAT & WHY PROGRAMMING Programming is a process of developing computer programs Computer program is a set of instructions that run computer hardware to solve various problems We still do programming because not all business or real world problems are having ready-made software Sometimes we need to customize the current available software to fit into our problems

3. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES In order to prepare programs we need programming languages They are classified in two basic criteria – generation: machine language - productivity – how they are developed: procedural – object oriented Specific languages solve specific problems although there are languages used to solve a variety of problems

4. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE BY GENERATION Machine language: close to the machine and far a way from human beings Assembly language: use mnemonic for instructions, still far away from human beings High level languages – Procedural: tell a computer how to do – Productivity: tell a computer what to do

5. HOW TO PREPARE A PROGRAM Understand the problem very well List down broad steps on how to solve it Refine the steps to the simplest steps Identify all controls, conditions and other requirements of the solution One can use dfd or flow charts Choose a programming language that befits the problem Translate the steps into that language

6. SHOPLIST OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES COBOL BASIC Pascal C C++ Java Php FORTRAN etc. Some are general while others are for scientific applications

7. SOURCE CODE vs OBJECT CODE Set of instructions as written by a programmer is known as source code If the source code is compiled i.e. changed into machine code it is known as object code Source code is changed into object code by two different systems: – compiler – converts the entire program then checks bugs – interpreter – converts one after another and reports bugs linewise

8. SOLUTION OF A QA Rewrite the equation as ax 2 +bx+c=0 Read the coefficients a, b, c Check if a # 0 Compute Q=b 2 -4ac Check if Q is 0 and decide accordingly Compute the value of x when Q is 0 or >0 You are done

9. AREA OF A TRIANGLE Read the sides of a triangle l1, l2, l3 Compute s as (l1+l2+l3)/2 Area=SQRT(s(s-l1)(s-l2)(s-l3)) Translate this into any programming language that allows mathematical operations

10. SUMMARY OF ICT 106 Overview of IT Computer hardware Computer software – operating systems – word processing – spreadsheets – database management systems Programming