1. Critical Thinking Topic: “Your Topic” College Prep 2-25-13

2. Essential Question for the Unit “How do definitions shape our understanding?” “How do definitions shape our understanding?” Everything we do this unit will tie to this question Everything we do this unit will tie to this question

3. Turn in those Topic Proposals I want em….. I want em….. Did anyone struggle with this? Did anyone struggle with this?

4. What is an extended definition paper? The first consideration is that a word doesn’t have one “right” meaning. There are more ideas or concepts than there are words, so the same word has to mean different things at different times. Conversely, different words or phrases can be used to name the same concept. What is necessary for clear thinking is that the parties to the conversation know what concept they are dealing with at any time. Therefore, in writing an extended definition, don’t define the word —rather explain the concept, and show why it’s important that the reader have clearly in mind the same concept you have in mind. The first consideration is that a word doesn’t have one “right” meaning. There are more ideas or concepts than there are words, so the same word has to mean different things at different times. Conversely, different words or phrases can be used to name the same concept. What is necessary for clear thinking is that the parties to the conversation know what concept they are dealing with at any time. Therefore, in writing an extended definition, don’t define the word —rather explain the concept, and show why it’s important that the reader have clearly in mind the same concept you have in mind.

5. Maybe this dude can help VIDJA VIDJA VIDJA

6. Extended Definition Papers (what I want to see) Introduction of the topic Introduction of the topic Definition of topic Definition of topic Criteria Criteria Examples Examples Contrasting examples Contrasting examples Warrants Warrants Discussing what the term means means for human conduct (connection to real life conduct). Discussing what the term means means for human conduct (connection to real life conduct). MUST be making an argument!!!! MUST be making an argument!!!!

7. Claim, Evidence, Warrant Remember these?!?!? Remember these?!?!? Claim: an assertion of truth Claim: an assertion of truth Criteria Criteria Evidence: Facts on their own Evidence: Facts on their own Examples Examples Warrant: a statement that explains why a piece of evidence makes a claim factual. Warrant: a statement that explains why a piece of evidence makes a claim factual. Your explanations Your explanations

8. Equation Warrant = claim + evidence Warrant = claim + evidence

9. Remember arguments?!!?!??! EVERYTHING is an argument (remember that?!) EVERYTHING is an argument (remember that?!) Therefore, your extended definition is an argument!! Therefore, your extended definition is an argument!!

10. Ethos Ethos (Greek for 'character') refers to the trustworthiness or credibility of the writer or speaker. Ethos is often conveyed through tone and style of the message and through the way the writer or speaker refers to differing views. It can also be affected by the writer's reputat ion as it exists independently from the message-- his or her expertise in the field, his or her previous record or integrity, and so forth. The impact of ethos is often called the argument's 'ethical appeal' or the 'appeal from credibility.’ Ethos (Greek for 'character') refers to the trustworthiness or credibility of the writer or speaker. Ethos is often conveyed through tone and style of the message and through the way the writer or speaker refers to differing views. It can also be affected by the writer's reputat ion as it exists independently from the message-- his or her expertise in the field, his or her previous record or integrity, and so forth. The impact of ethos is often called the argument's 'ethical appeal' or the 'appeal from credibility.’

11. PATHOS Pathos (Emotional) means persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions. We can look at texts ranging from classic essays to contemporary advertisements to see how pathos, emotional appeals, are used to persuade. Language choice affects the audience's emotional response, and emotional appeal can effectively be used to enhance an argument. Pathos (Emotional) means persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions. We can look at texts ranging from classic essays to contemporary advertisements to see how pathos, emotional appeals, are used to persuade. Language choice affects the audience's emotional response, and emotional appeal can effectively be used to enhance an argument.

12. Logos Logos (Logical) means persuading by the use of reasoning. This will be the most important technique we will study, and Aristotle's favorite. We'll look at deductive and inductive reasoning, and discuss what makes an effective, persuasive reason to back up your claims. Giving reasons is the heart of argumentation, and cannot be emphasized enough. We'll study the types of support you can use to substantiate your thesis, and look at some of the common logical fallacies, in order to avoid them in your writing Logos (Logical) means persuading by the use of reasoning. This will be the most important technique we will study, and Aristotle's favorite. We'll look at deductive and inductive reasoning, and discuss what makes an effective, persuasive reason to back up your claims. Giving reasons is the heart of argumentation, and cannot be emphasized enough. We'll study the types of support you can use to substantiate your thesis, and look at some of the common logical fallacies, in order to avoid them in your writing

13. Lets take a look at an example Lets read “What it is to be a teacher” Lets read “What it is to be a teacher” Traditional definition Traditional definition Claim, evidence, warrant Claim, evidence, warrant Types of arguments made Types of arguments made

14. Frayer Model (write these down on your sheet) In the Middle In the Middle The word itself The word itself Definition Definition What the word is in your own words What the word is in your own words Facts/characteristics Facts/characteristics Features of the word, what does the word do? Features of the word, what does the word do? Examples Examples Manifestations of what it is Manifestations of what it is Non-Examples Non-Examples Manifestations of what it is not Manifestations of what it is not

15. What it looks like with “teacher” Watch a brother do a Frayer Model Watch a brother do a Frayer Model Help me analyze the argument? Help me analyze the argument? Contrasting examples? Contrasting examples?

16. Your Turn Read “Love” Read “Love” Create your frayer model on LOVE Create your frayer model on LOVE On the back analyze the argument (theme) AND the types of arguments (claim, evidence, warrant structure) On the back analyze the argument (theme) AND the types of arguments (claim, evidence, warrant structure) State contrasting examples…if there are any State contrasting examples…if there are any