2. Chapter 4 Cellular Processes Mr. Cobb General Biology

3. Everything that lives and moves will be food for you. Just as I gave you the green plants, I now give you everything. Genesis 9:3 Genesis 9:3

4. Lets talk about energy

5. Organism Energy Autotrophs – make their own food.

6. Organism Energy Heterotrophs – get energy from consuming other organisms as a food source.

7. ATP – Energy Currency Adenosine Triphosphate – fuel for the cell Made of: Adenosine 3 phosphates Potential energy Energy is in what part of the molecule??? The BONDS!!!

8. ATP Energy ATP ADP + P + Energy Hydrolysis reaction - “breaking with water” Energy released in the bonds

9. ATP

10. ATP Fun Facts Made by each cell to be used by that cell. It is not very stable. Being constantly made by our cells.

11. Cell Processes with Energy Photosynthesis – changing light energy to chemical energy - chloroplast Cellular Respiration – changing chemical energy into ATP - mitochondria

12. Compare the reactions 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + Light C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 C 6 H 12 O 6 + 6 O 2 6 CO 2 + 6 H 2 O + ATP They are opposites!!!

13. Got a handle on it?

15. Photosynthesis Light energy into chemical energy and Oxygen by chloroplast. Plants, algae, and bacteria There are two main reactions: 1. Light dependent reaction 2. Light Independent reaction (Calvin Cycle)

16. Wavelengths of light absorbed

17. Chlorophyll molecule Pg. 100 in book. 4 types a, b, c, d. a molecule absorbs most energy.

19. Light Reaction Light required Energize chlorophyll a molecule Chlorophyll a rips H 2 O molecule O 2 is released as waste The electrons leave the chlorophyll a molecule Location: electron transport chain in the thylakoid membrane. Makes ATP and NADPH

20. Light Reaction Photosystem II and Photosystem I NOTE: Products are NADP is turned into NADPH ADP + P is turned into ATP. These are used in the Calvin cycle.

21. Light reaction

22. Light Independent Phase Calvin Cycle and Carbon Fixation Melvin Calvin – nobel prize Location: Stroma of chloroplast Uses ATP and NADPH A “cycle” begins and ends with RuBP Makes 2 PGAL molecules

23. PGAL Phosphoglyceraldehyde A 3 carbon molecule – 2 of these make a glucose, which is a 3 carbon molecule. How many CO 2 molecules to make a glucose?

25. Transparent fish

28. The Chloroplast -double membrane, stroma, thylakoid, grana