1. SKELETAL PHYSIOLOGY REVIEW FOR TEST # 1 CH 7

2. Name this specific covering over the bone shown by red arrow. periosteum

3. Name this specific connective tissue lining shown by red dotted line. endosteum

4. Name this specific cavity shown by red dotted line. Medullary cavity

5. What is found in this specific cavity of an adult shown by red dotted line? Yellow marrow

6. 8. Name this specific connective tissue shown by the blue color. Articular cartilage

7. Name this specific cell. osteocyte

8. SHORT BONE ARRANGEMENT What is the bone arrangement in short bones? Choose correct number below. 1.All spongy bone 2.All compact bone 3.Layered effect = compact – spongy – compact 4.Layered effect = spongy – compact – spongy 5.Layered effect = compact – spongy – medullary cavity – compact answer # 3

9. What is the bone arrangement in long bones? Choose number below. 1.All spongy bone 2.All compact bone 3. Compact outside – Spongy inside 4.Spongy outside – Compact inside 5.Epiphysis = spongy and diaphysis =compact 6.Epiphysis = compact and diaphysis = spongy Answer # 5

10. Name the tunnels that connect the cells with one another (red arrows). canaliculi

11. Name this SPECIFIC part shown in yellow. There are nine of them on this diagram. concentric lamella

12. The scapula falls under what type of bone? flat

13. What are the protein fibers shown here in an osteon? collagen

14. Name the bone cell shown by red arrow. osteoblast

15. Which cell is responsible for maintaining bone? 3 1 2 3 4

16. Which of the following cells starts forming the bone matrix? 2 1 2 3 4

17. Name the bone cell shown by red arrow. Osteoprogenitor or osteogenic cell

18. Name the bone cell shown here. osteoclast

19. Name the nonorganic compound making up bone. hydroxyapetite Ca 5 (PO 4 ) 3 OH.

20. Which represents the set up of bone in the spongy type? 1 2 2

21. Which represents trabeculae? A B B

22. Name the SPECIFIC part outlined in yellow. Circumferential lamella

23. Name the SPECIFIC part outlined in yellow. Interstitial lamella

24. What type of bone is shown here that develops within a tendon? sesamoid

25. Name this entire part outlined in yellow. osteon

26. Name these passageways outlined in yellow. Perforating canals

27. Name type of bone. spongy

28. What type of marrow is in this area? Red marrow

29. What type of irregular bone is shown here? wormian

30. What is process is shown here? hematopoiesis

31. What is shown here by the white arrows? Epiphyseal plates or discs

32. Which of these bone types is NOT matched with the correct example? 1.long bone-humerus 2.short bone-clavicle 3.flat bone-scapula 4.irregular bone-vertebrae 2

33. Which portion of a long bone stores yellow marrow in adults? 1.the epiphysis 2.the medullary cavity 3.periosteum 4.compact bone 5.the epiphyseal plate 2

34. Secondary ossification centers 1. are located in the diaphysis of the bone. 2. are located in the epiphysis of the bone. 3. are located in the fontanels. 4. appear during early fetal development 5. are locations for intramembranous ossification. 2

35. Growth in the length of a long bone stops when 1.the articular cartilage becomes completely ossified. 2.the epiphyseal plate becomes completely ossified. 3.appositional growth at the periosteum stops. 4.intramembranous ossification is complete.

36. Intramembranous ossification is usually complete by __________ years of age, whereas endochondral ossification is usually complete by __________ years of age. 1.2, 25 2.5, 10 3.10, 2 4.10, 25 5.25, 5 1

37. Given these passageways: 1.Canaliculi 2. Central osteon (haversian) canal 3. blood vessels in periosteum 4. perforating (Volkmann's) canal Which of these represents the correct order as nutrients pass from outside the bone to the osteocytes ? 1. 1,2,3,4 2. 2,4,1,3 3. 3,4,2,1 4. 3,1,4,2 5. 4,3,2,1 3

38. Given these cells: 1.osteoblasts 2.osteocytes 3. osteoprogenitor cells Which of these sequences represents the order in which they are produced? 1.1,2,3 2.1,3,2 3.2,1,3 4.2,3,1 5.3,1,2 5

39. Which of these structures is found in compact bone, but not in cancellous bone? 1.osteoclasts 2.canaliculi 3.lamellae 4.central osteon (haversian) canals 5.osteocytes 4

40. Which of these substances is present in the largest quantity in bone? 1.collagen 2.hydroxyapatite 3.proteoglycan aggregates 4.lacunae cartilage

41. What are the diagonal fibers in this diagram that allow the bone in the picture to be a bit flexible? collagen

42. . What type of ossification is shown here? endochondral

43. The surface of the medullary cavity of long bones is lined with a connective tissue membrane called 1.periosteum. 2.epiphyseal plates. 3.endosteum. 4.perichondrium. 5.lamellae. 3

44. What mineral element is found in the greatest concentration in bone tissue? calcium

45. Most bones in the body form by this type of ossification? endochondral

46. What structures are shown here by the red arrows? fontanels

47. What type of ossification is found here? intramembranous