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Motherboard Group 1 1.

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Presentation on theme: "Motherboard Group 1 1."— Presentation transcript:

1 Motherboard Group 1 1

2 Introduction: A Motherboard is the main printed circuit board (PCB) found in computers and other expandable systems. Sometimes alternatively known as the main board, system board, planar board or logic board. It holds and allows communication between many of the components of a system, such as the central processing unit (CPU) , memory, and other peripherals. 2

3 During the late 1980s and 1990s, it became economical to move an increasing number of peripheral functions onto the motherboard. In the late 1980s, personal computer motherboards began to include single ICs (also called Super I/O chips) capable of supporting a set of low-speed peripherals: keyboard, mouse, floppy disk drive, serial ports, and parallel ports. By the late-1990s, many personal computer motherboards supported a full range of audio, video, storage, and networking functions without the need for any expansion cards at all. 3

4 4

5 Functionality of motherboard
The motherboard connects and controls all of the essential elements of a computer or digital device. Motherboards are the primary hardware component on a computer, and perform a number of critical tasks. Following is an overview of the function of the motherboard. Functions 1.Components' Hub A primary function of the motherboard is to serve as the base upon which a computer’s components are built. 5

6 2.Computer Circuitry The motherboard is the computer’s main circuit board, bearing all the basic circuitry and components that are required for the computer to function. 3.Data Traffic The motherboard serves as a communications hub for all of the components that are attached to it directly or indirectly. It is responsible for managing the traffic of information within the computer system, which it does by means of the motherboard chipset. 6

7 4.BIOS The motherboard has a built-in Read Only Memory (ROM), which is separate from the PC’s RAM and which contains the computer’s Basic Input/output System (BIOS). A key function of the BIOS is to manage the boot-up process when you power your computer on, and load your operating system. 5.Peripherals The motherboard allows for the use of external components and devices, which greatly increases the versatility of a computer system. These include printers, keyboard devices, audio jacks, external hard drives and game controllers.

8 Components of motherboard
8

9 1. Back Panel Connectors & Ports
Connectors and ports for connecting the computer to external device such as display ports, audio port, USB port, Ethernet port, PS/2 ports etc. 2. PCI Slots PCI stands form peripheral component interconnect. Slot for expansion cards such as sound cards network cards,connector cards. 9

10 3. PCI express x1 connector
PCI express is a serial interface,though multiple lanes maybe ganged together The ''x1” refers to slot supporting a single PCI express lane . It is used for I/o devices that don't require By directional bandwidth greater than 500 mb per second (gen 1 PCIe) . Sound cards , examples ,a typically PCIe x1 devices 10

11 4.PCI express x16 (graphics)
* PCI express x16 slots are used mostly for graphics card , though they can be used with any PCI express card * Occasionally, you will see PCIe x16 connectors that are physical slots for acomadating graphic card 11

12 * Also known as Memory Controller Hub(MCH)
5. North Bridge : * Also known as Memory Controller Hub(MCH) * Chipset that allows the CPU to communicate with the RAM and graphic card * Beginning from the Intel Sandy Bridge in 2011 , this motherboard component is no longer present. It has been integrated within the CPU itself. 6.South bridge: *Also known as input output conteroller hub(ICH) *Chipset that allows the cpu to communicate with PCI slots,PCI express x1 slots(expansion cards),SATA connectors(Hard drive,optical drives),Ethernet ports and onboard audio. 12

13 7.CPU socket: *The processor socket(also called as CPU socket) is the connector on the motherboard that houses a CPU and forms the electrical interface and contact with the CPU. *Processor sockets use a pin grid array(PGA)where pins on the underside of the processor connect to holes in the processor socket. 8.ATX power connector: *ATX stands for advanced technology extended. *they are designed to connect a computers power supply to an ATX motherboard. *This connector is constructed of metal pins laid throughout a nylon matrix.

14 *A female type ATX power connector extends from the ATX power supply to plug into the mother board.
*Modern ATX power connectors can have 20 or 24 pins, depending on the power necessary for the processor. 9. ATX 12v POWER CONNECTOR: * The ATX 4 pin power supply connector is this standard motherboard power connector used to provide +12 VDC to the processor voltage regulator. *

15 10. SATA Connector: * SATA, short for Serial ATA, is an IDE standard for connecting devices like optical drives and hardware drives to the motherboard * SATA cables are long, thin, 7-pin cables. * One end plugs into a port on the motherboard, usually labeled SATA, and the other into the back of the storage device like an SATA hard drive. * SATA storage devices can transmit data to and from the rest of the computer over twice as fast as an PATA device. 11.RAM SLOTS : * A memory slot , memory sockets or RAM slots is what allows computer (RAM) to be inserted into the computer.

16 * depending on the motherboard , there may be 2 to 4 memory slots ( sometimes more on high-end motherboards ) and are what determine the types of RAM used with the computer * The most common types of RAM are SDRAM and DDR for desktop computers. 12.FAN HEADER : * Supplies power to the CPU heat sink fan and computer case fans.\ * It consist four pins

17 13. CMOS BATTERY: * Alternatively refer to as a Real Time Clock (RTC) , Non- Volatile RAM (NVRAM) or CMOS RAM. * CMOS stand for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. * CMOS is an onboard , battery powered semiconductor chip inside computers that stores information. *This information ranges from the system time and date to system hardware for your computer. *It also stores BIOS data which helps in booting process. 14.IDE CONNECTOR : *It stands for Integrated Drive Electronics. *Rarely found today, IDE connectors where used to link to older hard drives * In addition, until a couple of years many optical supported IDE *Today, all new storage ship wit SATA . 15.JUMPER : * Jumpers are used to configure the settings computer peripherals motherboards, Hard drives, Modems, sound cards and other components . *For Examples, if your motherboards are supported intrusion detection, a jumper can be set to enable or disable this future.


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