1. Henri Stembord Ring Road Management

2. 2 Defenitions Ring Road or Beltway? Ring Road = series of roads within town for orbital distribution Beltway = Motorway or Freeway, originally enclosing the urban area

3. Ring Road Management3 Contents Air Pollution and Traffic Operations on Ring Roads ‘Compact Driving’ Vision on Ring Road Management { Human Factors }

4. Ring Road Management4 Defenitions again… Compact Driving according to the US ?

5. Ring Road Management5 Defenitions again… Compact Driving according to the Netherlands: High density of traffic Small lateral (and longitudinal) distances Possibility of an additional traffic lane Higher capacity

6. Ring Road Management6 Defenitions again… Compact Driving according to the Netherlands ?

7. Ring Road Management7 Contents Air Pollution and Traffic Operations on Ring Roads ‘Compact Driving’ Vision on Ring Road Management { Human Factors }

8. Ring Road Management8 Contents Air Pollution and Traffic Operations on Ring Roads High Density Driving Vision on Ring Road Management { Human Factors }

9. Ring Road Management9 Air Pollution and Traffic Operations Speed Limits in the Netherlands (motor vehicles) Inside Built-up Areas:Rural Areas: 50 km/h (70 km/h)100 km/h 30 km/h 80 km/h “at a footpace” 60 km/h Motorways:2350 km 120 km/h 1880 km(80 %) 100 km/h 470 km(20 %) Various (road works, incidents, congestion, air pollution)

10. Ring Road Management10 Air Pollution and Traffic Operations The first 80 km/h section due to air pollution in 2002

11. Ring Road Management11 Air Pollution and Traffic Operations 10 additional ‘hot spots’ 80 km/h examined in 2004

12. Ring Road Management12 Air Pollution and Traffic Operations 4 additional ‘hot spots’ 80 km/h (from Nov. 1st, 2005)

13. Ring Road Management13 Air Pollution and Traffic Operations 4 locations 80 km/h: Contribution to solving the air pollution problem However, not enough… Air pollution problems will increase European regulations

14. Ring Road Management14 Air Pollution and Traffic Operations So, Minister of Transport and Public Works promised Parliament to study the possibilities and the effects of 80 km/h on the 4 Ring Roads, In combination with High Density Driving

15. Ring Road Management15 High Density Driving Longitudinal DirectionLateral Direction Infra- structure Road Signs Variable Speed Limits Enforcement Platooning Plus and Peak Lanes Reversible Lanes Narrow Lanes (permanent) Narrow Lanes (temporary) In – car Cruise Control Advanced Cruise Control Intelligent Speed Adaption … Automated Vehicle Guidance Lane Departure Warning Assistent Lane Change Assistant Lateral Distance Control … Automated Vehicle Guidance

16. Ring Road Management16 High Density Driving Longitudinal DirectionLateral Direction Infra- structure Road Signs Variable Speed Limits Enforcement Platooning Plus and Peak Lanes Reversible Lanes Narrow Lanes (permanent) Narrow Lanes (temporary) In – car Cruise Control Advanced Cruise Control Intelligent Speed Adaption … Automated Vehicle Guidance Lane Departure Warning Assistent Lane Change Assistant Lateral Distance Control … Automated Vehicle Guidance

17. Ring Road Management17 High Density Driving High Density Driving: Additional Traffic Lane So: HDD  HDD+1

18. Ring Road Management18 High Density Driving High Density Driving: Additional Traffic Lane So: HDD  HDD+1 Remarks, questions: Everywhere? (necessary because of congestion…) All the time? (necessary because of traffic volumes…) 80 km/h: relation with air pollution, width of lanes

19. Ring Road Management19 High Density Driving Several alternatives were designed Examination of the Effects on: Environment (air pollution, noise) Traffic Safety (accidents, injuries) Congestion Travel Time (vehicle hours of delay) Cost Cost-benefit Ratio

20. Ring Road Management20 High Density Driving 1st Stage: global examination of appr. 8 alternatives ‘Reference 2010’: planned expansions are realized; 100 km/h; except nowadays hotspots 80 km/h, everywhere and 24 hrs. 80 km/h, everywhere and 24 hrs. and HDD everywhere Combinations of: a) Time of day (80 km/h from 6 am-7 pm, else 100 km/h) b) Necessity of HDD (= extra traffic lane) c) Possibilities of HDD (= road width, obstructions)

21. Ring Road Management21 High Density Driving 1st Stage: global examination of appr. 8 alternatives ‘Reference 2010’: planned expansions are realized; 100 km/h; except nowadays hotspots 80 km/h, everywhere and 24 hrs. 80 km/h, everywhere and 24 hrs. and HDD everywhere expensive: construction costexpensive: vehicle hours of delay Combinations of: a) Time of day (80 km/h from 6 am-7 pm, else 100 km/h) b) Necessity of HDD (= extra traffic lane) c) Possibilities of HDD (= road width, obstructions)

22. Ring Road Management22 High Density Driving HDD+1: High construction cost Coen Tunnel near Amsterdam

23. Ring Road Management23 High Density Driving 2nd Stage: two alternatives more in detail: ‘throughput’ HDD only during peak hours, only where necessary and only where (reasonably) possible to add an extra traffic lane; 80 km/h at HDD, else 100 km/h; dynamic ‘environment’ 80 km/h everywhere and 24 hrs., HDD only where necessary and where (reasonably) possible to add an extra traffic lane; static

24. Ring Road Management24 High Density Driving Amsterdam Ring Road:

25. Ring Road Management25 High Density Driving Configuration of Ring Roads According to ‘throughput’ alternative ‘environment’ alternative Prediction Traffic Volumes Vehicle hours of delay Traffic safety Air pollution Noise Cost – benefit Analyses

26. Ring Road Management26 High Density Driving ‘environment’‘throughput’ Investments 2025 Vehicle hours of delay 26520 Traffic safety 9None Gas 15None Air Pollution, noise 20None Total 2605 Costs and benefits per year (2010) in millions of euros

27. Ring Road Management27 High Density Driving Voorburg Weaving Area (1)

28. Ring Road Management28 High Density Driving Voorburg Weaving Area (2)

29. Ring Road Management29 High Density Driving Voorburg Weaving Area (3)

30. Ring Road Management30 High Density Driving Voorburg Weaving Area

31. Ring Road Management31 High Density Driving Fundamental Diagram: speed – flow relationship

32. Ring Road Management32 High Density Driving Solution 1: skip 80/h and/or enforcement Solution 2: maintain 80 km/h, except for peak hours; then 100 km/h

33. Ring Road Management33 Vision Ring Road Management Ring Roads have a strategic position within the entire network

34. Ring Road Management34 Vision Ring Road Management Suppose they weren’t there…

35. Ring Road Management35 Vision Ring Road Management Or fully congested…

36. Ring Road Management36 Vision Ring Road Management Ring Roads Keep the traffic streaming Recognize and use connexion with regional and local road networks Have control over in-flow traffic Stimulate out-flow traffic

37. Ring Road Management37 Vision Ring Road Management Ring Roads – traffic management instruments: Variabele Speed Limits Overtaking Prohibitions for Heavy Freight Vehicles Keep Your Lane? Lane Changing Prohibitions Dynamic access per lane for various purposes Intensified Incident Management

38. Ring Road Management38 Vision Ring Road Management Ring Roads – infrastructural provision: Flexible division of carriageway (dynamic lanes) Narrow lanes Access control Exit control Buffers (electronic?) separation of traffic streams (f.i. through vs. local traffic)

39. Ring Road Management39 Vision Ring Road Management Ring Roads – equipment: Overhead Lane Signs Full Matrix Message Signs ……………………….. Variable Message Signs Graphic Variable Message Signs ………………… Dynamic Road Markings Cameras ……………………………………………..

40. Ring Road Management40 Human Factors Technical Solutions …

41. Ring Road Management41 Human Factors Technical Solutions … But, how about Human Factors !

42. Ring Road Management42 Human Factors

43. Ring Road Management43 Human Factors Inquiry into the understanding of the status of lanes: All vehicles Trucks and/or buses only Peak, plus Buffer HOV HOT Closed (f.i. environmental reasons) Breakdowns only B-lane Et cetera

44. Ring Road Management44 Human Factors After the next presentation…