1. MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY BLOOD CELLS March 1, 2011

2. BLOOD Connective tissue Amount: – 1/12th of body weight – 5-6 liters Content: – 55% plasma = liquid – 45% cells

3. Functions – Hemoglobin in erythrocytes carries oxygen and collects carbon dioxide – conveys nutritive substances (e.g. amino acids, sugars, mineral salts) – gathers the excreted material for elimination by kidney – carries hormones, enzymes and vitamins – IMMUNE DEFENSE PHAGOCITIC ACTIVITY OF THE LEUKOCYTES THE BACTERICIDAL POWER OF THE SERUM IMMUNE RESPONSE OF LYMPHOCYTES

4. CATEGORIES OF BLOOD CELLS Erythrocytes = red blood cells (RBC) Leukocytes = white blood cells (WBC) Platelets or thrombocytes

5. LEUKOCYTES: THE DEFENDERS Two types – Granulocytes: in cytoplasm have different kinds of granules that take up stains different colors Neutrophil Eosinophil basophil – lymphoid cells lymphocytes monocytes even the shape of the nucleus helps in recognition of leukocytes

6. LEUKOCYTE TYPES Neutrophil = 50 - 70 % eosinophil = 2 - 4 % basophil = 0.5 - 1 % lymphocyte = 20 - 40 % monocyte 3 - 8 %

7. NEUTROPHILS Phagocitize bacteria

8. EOSINOPHILS Attack parasites and phagocytic- antigen complexes

9. BASOPHIL secrete anti-coagulant and vasodilatory substances as histamines and serotonin mediate the hypersensitivity reaction.

10. LYMPHOCYTE populate lymphoid tissues Present lymph circulating in lymphatic vessels B cell and T cell lymphocytes

11. MONOCYTES AND MACROPHAGES Monocyte = precursor of macrophage Phagocytic and secretory Antigen-presenting cells

13. LAB TODAY Prepare smears of your own peripheral blood Clean lab space with alcohol Clean 2 slides with alcohol – air dry Lay down paper towel Sterilize finger with alcohol Prick finger to obtain blood Place small amount(3 mm) of blood on slide

14. LAB TODAY – PREPARE SLIDE SMEARS Hold 2 nd slide at 30- 40 0 angle Draw 2 nd slide into edge of drop as shown Move slide in opposite direction~ ½ way across and lift up swiftly

15. PREPARING SLIDES GOAL = thick to thin layer of blood so can find right amount of cells to look at. Clean 2 nd slide with ethanol Repeat process to make duplicate slide Label end with initials Air dry

16. EXTRA BLOOD CELL SLIDES FOLLOW

17. The white cells are: 1) neutrophil, 2) monocyte, 3) basophil, 4) lymphocyte, 5) eosinophil. The background shows some erythrocytes (red blood cells) which have no nucleus.

19. Lymphocyte and monocyte

20. WBC: Granulocytes Human, air-dried blood smear, Wright's stain, 1416 x.