1. Laws of Motion Classical Mechanics A brief overview

2. Aristotle (384 - 322 BC) Natural Motion All objects have internal homing instincts similar to those observed in animals

3. Galileo (1564 - 1642) Law of Falling Bodies All bodies fall with a constant acceleration under gravity regardless of mass

8. Kepler (1571 - 1630) Laws of Planetary Motion Planetary orbits are elliptical

10. Isaac Newton (1643 - 1727) 1661: Entered Trinity College, Cambridge 1665: Received his Bachelor’s Degree. University closed due to Plague. Re-opened 1667. 1668: Awarded Masters degree

21. Law of Universal Gravitation

22. W = m x g W = weight (N) m = mass (kg) g = acceleration due to gravity (m/s 2 ) Acceleration due to gravity of falling body on Earth (excluding effects of air resistance) is, on average, 9.8 m/s 2 This value is often rounded off to 10 m/s 2

23. Principia (1669)

24. 1669 - 1687 Lucasian Professor of Mathematics (Cambridge)

27. Newton’s Scientific Achievements Law of Universal Gravitation Laws of Motion Advances in Optics - studies of colour & light Constructed the first reflecting telescope in 1668 Calculus

32. Newton’s 1 st Law An object that is at rest will stay at rest until an unbalanced force acts upon it. An object that is in motion will not change its velocity until an unbalanced force acts upon it.

35. Newton’s 2 nd Law A body will accelerate with acceleration proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass F = m x a F = Net Force (N) m = mass (kg) a = acceleration (m/s 2 )

40. Momentum p = m x v p = momentum (kg.m/s) or (N.s) m = mass (kg) v = velocity (m/s)

41. Momentum Can be defined mathematically. Is a vector because it has magnitude as well as direction. When bodies collide, momentum is transferred. In any collision, momentum is conserved.

42. Law of Conservation of Momentum The total momentum of a system is the same before a collision as after. m 1 u 1 + m 2 u 2 = m 1 v 1 + m 2 v 2

43. Impulse Is defined as the change in momentum experienced by a body. Δ p = m x Δ v Δ p = F x Δ t

44. Newton’s 3 rd Law Every action has a reaction equal in magnitude and opposite in direction

45. Newton’s 3rd Modelled

47. Some weblinks …. Crash Test Results http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zmUBgTHppv8 NASA movie ‘Orville and Wilbur Wright’ Newton’s Laws and Flight http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/newton.html Space Shuttle launches http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4FROxZ5i67k http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwfsFtpACFw&feature=related NASA Apollo 11 Mission http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LNm1LVJTJ2k&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wdSPF7ujsdw&feature=related NASA TV http://www.youtube.com/NASATelevision