1. Neutron Stars & Black Holes

2. Neutron Stars and Black Holes I. Neutron Stars A. Remnant from the collapse of a _________. B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _________ ________ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _________. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, __________________. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _________ ______ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!] C. Comprised almost entirely of ________. D. Typical mass: _________________ E. Typical size: ________________ F. Average density:_____________ The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________ 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

3. Neutron Stars and Black Holes I. Neutron Stars supernova A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_. B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _________ ________ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _________. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, __________________. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _________ ______ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!] C. Comprised almost entirely of ________. D. Typical mass: _________________ E. Typical size: ________________ F. Average density:_____________ The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________ 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

4. Neutron Stars and Black Holes I. Neutron Stars supernova A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_. protons and electrons neutrons B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _protons and electrons_ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _neutrons_. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, __________________. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _________ ______ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!] C. Comprised almost entirely of ________. D. Typical mass: _________________ E. Typical size: ________________ F. Average density:_____________ The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________ 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

5. Neutron Stars and Black Holes I. Neutron Stars supernova A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_. protons and electrons neutrons neutrinos are formed 99% of the energy B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _protons and electrons_ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _neutrons_. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, _neutrinos are formed_. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _99% of the energy_ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!] C. Comprised almost entirely of ________. D. Typical mass: _________________ E. Typical size: ________________ F. Average density:_____________ The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________ 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

6. Neutron Stars and Black Holes I. Neutron Stars supernova A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_. protons and electrons neutrons neutrinos are formed 99% of the energy B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _protons and electrons_ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _neutrons_. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, _neutrinos are formed_. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _99% of the energy_ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!] neutrons C. Comprised almost entirely of _neutrons_. D. Typical mass: _________________ E. Typical size: ________________ F. Average density:_____________ The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________ 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

7. Neutron Stars and Black Holes I. Neutron Stars supernova A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_. protons and electrons neutrons neutrinos are formed 99% of the energy B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _protons and electrons_ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _neutrons_. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, _neutrinos are formed_. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _99% of the energy_ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!] neutrons C. Comprised almost entirely of _neutrons_. 1.4 – 3 solar masses D. Typical mass: _1.4 – 3 solar masses_ E. Typical size: ________________ F. Average density:_____________ The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________ 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

8. Neutron Stars and Black Holes I. Neutron Stars supernova A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_. protons and electrons neutrons neutrinos are formed 99% of the energy B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _protons and electrons_ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _neutrons_. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, _neutrinos are formed_. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _99% of the energy_ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!] neutrons C. Comprised almost entirely of _neutrons_. 1.4 – 3 solar masses D. Typical mass: _1.4 – 3 solar masses_ 12 km in diameter E. Typical size: _12 km in diameter_ F. Average density:_____________ The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _____________ 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = ___________

9. Neutron Stars and Black Holes I. Neutron Stars supernova A. Remnant from the collapse of a _supernova_. protons and electrons neutrons neutrinos are formed 99% of the energy B. During the core collapse of a supernova, the _protons and electrons_ are compressed close enough so that they interact and a form _neutrons_. [An interesting fact is that in this same reaction, _neutrinos are formed_. Even though a supernova can be as bright as its host galaxy, _99% of the energy_ of a supernova is carried away by the neutrinos!!] neutrons C. Comprised almost entirely of _neutrons_. 1.4 – 3 solar masses D. Typical mass: _1.4 – 3 solar masses_ 12 km in diameter E. Typical size: _12 km in diameter_ 5 x 10 17 kg/m 3 F. Average density:_5 x 10 17 kg/m 3 _ 3 x 10 17 kg/m 3 The density of an atomic nucleus is “only” _3 x 10 17 kg/m 3 _ 2 billion tons 1 teaspoon of neutron star material = _2 billion tons_

10. G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _______________ do not form neutron stars. These objects are ____________. H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _____ ____. I. Many neutron stars emit __________________ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _______. J. Some interesting neutron star facts: Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will ___________________________ at a speed of __________. Spin rates: _________________________ The nearest neutron star is ___________. The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________ ______________ Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

11. 1.4 solar masses white dwarfs G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _1.4 solar masses_ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _white dwarfs_. H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _____ ____. I. Many neutron stars emit __________________ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _______. J. Some interesting neutron star facts: Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will ___________________________ at a speed of __________. Spin rates: _________________________ The nearest neutron star is ___________. The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________ ______________ Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

12. 1.4 solar masses white dwarfs G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _1.4 solar masses_ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _white dwarfs_. black hole H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _black hole_. I. Many neutron stars emit __________________ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _______. J. Some interesting neutron star facts: Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will ___________________________ at a speed of __________. Spin rates: _________________________ The nearest neutron star is ___________. The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________ ______________ Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

13. 1.4 solar masses white dwarfs G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _1.4 solar masses_ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _white dwarfs_. black hole H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _black hole_. beams of radio waves pulsars I. Many neutron stars emit _beams of radio waves_ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _pulsars_. J. Some interesting neutron star facts: Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will ___________________________ at a speed of __________. Spin rates: _________________________ The nearest neutron star is ___________. The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________ ______________ Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

14. 1.4 solar masses white dwarfs G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _1.4 solar masses_ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _white dwarfs_. black hole H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _black hole_. beams of radio waves pulsars I. Many neutron stars emit _beams of radio waves_ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _pulsars_. J. Some interesting neutron star facts: hit the surface in 1 microsecond 2000 km/s Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will _hit the surface in 1 microsecond_ at a speed of _2000 km/s_. Spin rates: _________________________ The nearest neutron star is ___________. The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________ ______________ Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

15. 1.4 solar masses white dwarfs G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _1.4 solar masses_ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _white dwarfs_. black hole H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _black hole_. beams of radio waves pulsars I. Many neutron stars emit _beams of radio waves_ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _pulsars_. J. Some interesting neutron star facts: hit the surface in 1 microsecond 2000 km/s Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will _hit the surface in 1 microsecond_ at a speed of _2000 km/s_. 1.4 milliseconds to 30 seconds Spin rates: _1.4 milliseconds to 30 seconds_ The nearest neutron star is ___________. The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________ ______________ Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

16. 1.4 solar masses white dwarfs G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _1.4 solar masses_ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _white dwarfs_. black hole H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _black hole_. beams of radio waves pulsars I. Many neutron stars emit _beams of radio waves_ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _pulsars_. J. Some interesting neutron star facts: hit the surface in 1 microsecond 2000 km/s Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will _hit the surface in 1 microsecond_ at a speed of _2000 km/s_. 1.4 milliseconds to 30 seconds Spin rates: _1.4 milliseconds to 30 seconds_ 280 ly away The nearest neutron star is _280 ly away_. The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled __________ ______________ Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

17. 1.4 solar masses white dwarfs G. Compact stars/stellar remnants less than _1.4 solar masses_ do not form neutron stars. These objects are _white dwarfs_. black hole H. Stellar remnants over 3 solar masses inevitably form a _black hole_. beams of radio waves pulsars I. Many neutron stars emit _beams of radio waves_ like a lighthouse. Because we see these pulse of radio waves, these objects are known as _pulsars_. J. Some interesting neutron star facts: hit the surface in 1 microsecond 2000 km/s Drop an object from a height of 1 m above a neutron star’s surface. It will _hit the surface in 1 microsecond_ at a speed of _2000 km/s_. 1.4 milliseconds to 30 seconds Spin rates: _1.4 milliseconds to 30 seconds_ 280 ly away The nearest neutron star is _280 ly away_. “LGM-1” for Little Green Men” The 1 st pulsar discovered was initially labeled _“LGM-1” for Little Green Men”_ Listen to the sounds of pulsars:

18. II. Black Holes A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _____. B. The gravitational field is so intense that it __________ ____________________. Within the event horizon, _____________________________. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its __________ ____________________ D. Predicted by ______________ Theory of General Relativity. E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it __________ passing by. This is called _________________. F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________. G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________ ________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. H. _______________________________________. A new ______________________ is needed.

19. II. Black Holes 3M O A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _3M O _. B. The gravitational field is so intense that it __________ ____________________. Within the event horizon, _____________________________. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its __________ ____________________ D. Predicted by ______________ Theory of General Relativity. E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it __________ passing by. This is called _________________. F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________. G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________ ________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. H. _______________________________________. A new ______________________ is needed.

20. II. Black Holes 3M O A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _3M O _. distorts both space and time around it nothing, not even light, can escape B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _distorts both space and time around it_. Within the event horizon, _nothing, not even light, can escape_. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its __________ ____________________ D. Predicted by ______________ Theory of General Relativity. E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it __________ passing by. This is called _________________. F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________. G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________ ________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. H. _______________________________________. A new ______________________ is needed.

21. II. Black Holes 3M O A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _3M O _. distorts both space and time around it nothing, not even light, can escape B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _distorts both space and time around it_. Within the event horizon, _nothing, not even light, can escape_. interactions with surrounding matter. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _interactions with surrounding matter._ D. Predicted by ______________ Theory of General Relativity. E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it __________ passing by. This is called _________________. F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________. G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________ ________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. H. _______________________________________. A new ______________________ is needed.

22. II. Black Holes 3M O A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _3M O _. distorts both space and time around it nothing, not even light, can escape B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _distorts both space and time around it_. Within the event horizon, _nothing, not even light, can escape_. interactions with surrounding matter. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _interactions with surrounding matter._ Albert Einstein’s D. Predicted by _Albert Einstein’s_ Theory of General Relativity. E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it __________ passing by. This is called _________________. F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________. G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________ ________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. H. _______________________________________. A new ______________________ is needed.

23. II. Black Holes 3M O A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _3M O _. distorts both space and time around it nothing, not even light, can escape B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _distorts both space and time around it_. Within the event horizon, _nothing, not even light, can escape_. interactions with surrounding matter. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _interactions with surrounding matter._ Albert Einstein’s D. Predicted by _Albert Einstein’s_ Theory of General Relativity. bends light gravitational lensing E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _bends light_ passing by. This is called _gravitational lensing_. F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________. G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________ ________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. H. _______________________________________. A new ______________________ is needed.

25. II. Black Holes 3M O A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _3M O _. distorts both space and time around it nothing, not even light, can escape B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _distorts both space and time around it_. Within the event horizon, _nothing, not even light, can escape_. interactions with surrounding matter. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _interactions with surrounding matter._ Albert Einstein’s D. Predicted by _Albert Einstein’s_ Theory of General Relativity. bends light gravitational lensing E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _bends light_ passing by. This is called _gravitational lensing_. F. The dimensions of the ____________, the point of no return, is called the _________________. G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________ ________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. H. _______________________________________. A new ______________________ is needed.

26. II. Black Holes 3M O A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _3M O _. distorts both space and time around it nothing, not even light, can escape B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _distorts both space and time around it_. Within the event horizon, _nothing, not even light, can escape_. interactions with surrounding matter. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _interactions with surrounding matter._ Albert Einstein’s D. Predicted by _Albert Einstein’s_ Theory of General Relativity. bends light gravitational lensing E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _bends light_ passing by. This is called _gravitational lensing_. event horizon Schwarzchild radius F. The dimensions of the _event horizon_, the point of no return, is called the _Schwarzchild radius_. G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________ ________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. H. _______________________________________. A new ______________________ is needed.

28. II. Black Holes 3M O A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _3M O _. distorts both space and time around it nothing, not even light, can escape B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _distorts both space and time around it_. Within the event horizon, _nothing, not even light, can escape_. interactions with surrounding matter. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _interactions with surrounding matter._ Albert Einstein’s D. Predicted by _Albert Einstein’s_ Theory of General Relativity. bends light gravitational lensing E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _bends light_ passing by. This is called _gravitational lensing_. event horizon Schwarzchild radius F. The dimensions of the _event horizon_, the point of no return, is called the _Schwarzchild radius_. G. Inside, all of the matter end up ________________ ________ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. H. _______________________________________. A new ______________________ is needed.

29. II. Black Holes 3M O A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _3M O _. distorts both space and time around it nothing, not even light, can escape B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _distorts both space and time around it_. Within the event horizon, _nothing, not even light, can escape_. interactions with surrounding matter. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _interactions with surrounding matter._ Albert Einstein’s D. Predicted by _Albert Einstein’s_ Theory of General Relativity. bends light gravitational lensing E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _bends light_ passing by. This is called _gravitational lensing_. event horizon Schwarzchild radius F. The dimensions of the _event horizon_, the point of no return, is called the _Schwarzchild radius_. in the center at the singularity G. Inside, all of the matter end up _in the center at the singularity_ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. H. _______________________________________. A new ______________________ is needed.

30. II. Black Holes 3M O A. A stellar remnant with a mass greater than _3M O _. distorts both space and time around it nothing, not even light, can escape B. The gravitational field is so intense that it _distorts both space and time around it_. Within the event horizon, _nothing, not even light, can escape_. interactions with surrounding matter. C. Even though it is “black”, it can be detected by its _interactions with surrounding matter._ Albert Einstein’s D. Predicted by _Albert Einstein’s_ Theory of General Relativity. bends light gravitational lensing E. Its gravitational field is so strong that it _bends light_ passing by. This is called _gravitational lensing_. event horizon Schwarzchild radius F. The dimensions of the _event horizon_, the point of no return, is called the _Schwarzchild radius_. in the center at the singularity G. Inside, all of the matter end up _in the center at the singularity_ which is infinitely small and infinitely dense. Einstein’s theory breaks down at the singularity quantum theory of gravity H. _Einstein’s theory breaks down at the singularity_. A new _quantum theory of gravity_ is needed.

31. Neutron Stars & Black Holes