1. I NTEGRATING Q UOTES INTO YOUR WRITING Misquotations are the only quotations that are never misquoted

2. I NTRODUCE YOUR QUOTES Direct quotations cannot stand alone Cannot be sentences without your own words cushioning them Quotations without lead-ins are like fish out of water Incorrect Example: Throughout the poem the speaker gives a vivid description of all that he experiences as an Anglo-Saxon seafarer. “…My feet were cast / In icy bands, bound with frost, / With frozen chains…” (8-10). Correct Example: Throughout the poem the speaker gives a vivid description of all that he experiences as an Anglo-Saxon seafarer. For example, he details the brutal hardships of the sea when he says, “…My feet were cast / In icy bands, bound with frost, / With frozen chains…” (8-10). Here is your lead-in!

3. D O NOT JUST REPEAT OR PARAPHRASE A QUOTE Do not paraphrase or repeat the quote BEFORE you insert it into your paragraph Incorrect Example: The speaker admits that people in the Anglo-Saxon society were very fearful of God. He says, “We all fear God. He turns the earth, / He set it swinging firmly in space…” (103-104). Correct Example: According to the speaker, all of humanity is to some degree afraid of the all-powerful God. For example he says, “We all fear God. He turns the earth, / He set it swinging firmly in space…” (103-104).

4. IN-TEXT CITATIONS For a poem (like Beowulf) it will look like this: (line numbers). (101-105). For a play it will look like this: (Act.Scene.Line.). (II. iv. 46). For a book or short story it will look like this: (author page number). (Golding 42). PERIOD goes on the OUTSIDE of parenthesis!

5. U SE SHORT PIECES OF QUOTES TO BLEND IN WITH YOUR OWN THOUGHTS Quotations do not always have to be elaborate, long, or the center of attention all the time You can make them a part of your own words by inserting them if they fit perfectly with what you want to say Your quotes should NOT be longer than three lines for this short, three page essay! Nice Examples: The sea-farer still finds excitement and thrill on the waves and “…[his] soul roams with the sea” (59). The wanderer finds no peace on the sea and admits that “…[his] mind is set on melancholy…” (57).

6. P LEASE NOTE … If you ever want to use quotes in this way, but the original quote doesn’t sound right in your sentences (different verb tense, first-person instead of third-person, etc.), you can make changes! You have the freedom to make necessary changes using brackets [ ] and ellipses … For example: Original quote from Beowulf : “He was spawned in that slime, / Conceived by a pair of those monsters born /Of Cain, murderous creatures banished / By God, punished forever for the crime / Of Abel’s death” (19-23). Possible changes: The speaker in the poem uses Christian, biblical references when the creature is described as “he [Grendel] was spawned in that slime, / Conceived by a pair of those monsters born /Of Cain...” (19-21). This will help you manipulate the quotes so that they support your points!

7. F INAL D O S AND DON ’ T S DO use variety with structure and wording! Words to use instead of “says” include: States Claims Shows Demonstrates Argues Proclaims Replies Suggests Proves DON’T use quotations back to back! DON’T use quotations in the first sentence of a paragraph!!!! DON’T use quotations as the last sentence of a paragraph!!!!

8. Now that you are well- informed on how to properly use quotations, let’s practice!!!

9. C ORRECT THE FOLLOWING QUOTES : 1. The speaker in the poem, Beowulf describes Grendel and his lair when he says, “A powerful monster, living down / In the darkness, growled in pain, impatient / As day after day the music rang…” (1-3). 2. Grendel is a vicious monster, however, King Hrothgar is protected from him. This is evident when the speaker describes, “Though he lived / In Herot, when the night hid him, he never / Dared touch king Hrothgar’s glorious / Throne…” (81-84). 3. Beowulf demonstrates he possesses “larger than life” qualities. He says,“ ‘I drove / Five great giants into chains…’ ” (153-154). 4. Beowulf’s faith in faith is strong as he proclaims, “Fate will unwind as it must!” (189).

10. C ORRECT THE FOLLOWING QUOTES : 5. Beowulf uses great strength to keep a hold on Grendel while “the infamous killer fought / For his freedom, wanting no flesh but retreat…” (285-286). Grendel cravenly fears Beowulf and this is evident when the speaker says, “The infamous killer fought / For his freedom, wanting no flesh but retreat…” (285-286). 6. Create a lead-in and break this quote down, “Beowulf, a Prince of the Gaets, had killed Grendel / Ended the grief, the sorrow, the suffering /Forced on Hrothgar’s helpless people by a bloodthirsty fiend” (351-355). After a long brutal battle, Beowulf, “…had killed Grendel /Ended the grief, the sorrow, the suffering /Forced on Hrothgar’s helpless people by a bloodthirsty fiend” (351-355). 7. Beowulf proves his readiness for more glory when he announces, “ ‘ I’ve never known fear, as a youth I fought / In endless battles. I am old, now, / But I will fight again, seek fame still…” (607-609). 8. The new king, Wiglaf, makes sure Beowulf’s legacy will forever live on by “…seal[ing] his ashes in walls…” of a lighthouse to lead all sea-farers home (871-877).

11. B EOWULF Q UOTES A CTIVITY With a partner, locate SIX strong quotes for each of the SIX characteristics of an Epic Hero (6 quotes total) Complete on loose-leaf paper and staple to test Use the Epic Hero Chart from your Beowulf Test You will later use these strong quotes for your Epic Hero Take-Home essay