UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre EMBOSS – an application suite for bioinformatics Lisa Mullan.

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk EMBOSS – an application suite for bioinformatics Lisa Mullan

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk E – European M – Molecular B – Biology O – Open S – Software S - Suite

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Large collection of gene and protein analysis tools Sequence retrieval Alignments Primer design Restriction Mapping Protein domain searching Translation

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk DNA Sequence 1 DNA Sequence 2 dotplottranslation protein local/global alignment protein Sequence 1 protein Sequence 2 multiple sequence alignment motif and domain searching physicochemical properties

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk AGTGGTCGTGAAG AGAATGCTCCTCC TTTGGAATCTTAA >SEQ1.fasta AGTGCTCCTCCCT TAGAATCTTAG >SEQ2.fasta Unix% dottup SEQ1.fasta SEQ2.fasta –window 10 & Unix% dotmatcher SEQ1.fasta SEQ2.fasta –window 10 – threshold 17 & For an exact match: For a similarity match: Dotplots

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk ATGGGTCGTGAAGAGAATGCTCCTCCTTTGGAATCT TCTAAGATTCCCTCCTCGGTATCTAAGATTCCCTCCTCGGTA Dottup looks for regions of exact match Dotplots

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk ATGGGTCGTGAAGAGAATGCTCCTCCTTTGGAATCT TCTAAGATTCCCTCCTCGGTATCTAAGATTCCCTCCTCGGTA Dottup looks for regions of exact match There are no regions of exact match spanning a window size of between the vertical window of 10 and the horizontal sequence, therefore nothing is placed on the output graph. Dotplots

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk ATGGGTCGTGAAGAGAATGCTCCTCCTTTGGAATCT TCTAAGATTCCCTCCTCGGTATCTAAGATTCCCTCCTCGGTA There are no regions of exact match spanning a window size of 10 anywhere between the two sequences, therefore nothing is placed on the output graph. Dotplots

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk A T G C A 5 -4 -4 -4 T -4 5 -4 -4 G –4 -4 5 -4 C -4 -4 -4 5 Identity Matrix Dotplots

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk A T G C A 5 -4 -4 -4 T -4 5 -4 -4 G –4 -4 5 -4 C -4 -4 -4 5 CCTCCTTTGG Score = 50 5555555555 CCTCCTTTGG CCTCCCTTAG 55-455555 5 Score = 32 ProLeu ProLeu Dotplots

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk ATGGGTCGTGAAGAGAATGCTCCTCCTTTGGAATCT TCTAAGATTCCCTCCTCGGTATCTAAGATTCCCTCCTCGGTA Using a window size of 10 and a threshold value of 25 Dotplots

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk ATGGGTCGTGAAGAGAATGCTCCTCCTTTGGAATCT TCTAAGATTCCCTCCTCGGTATCTAAGATTCCCTCCTCGGTA Using a window size of 10 and a threshold value of 35 Dotplots

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk ATGGGTCGTGAAG AGAATGCTCCTCC TTTGGAATCTTAA >SEQ1.fasta ATGGCTCCTCCCT TAGAATCTTAG >SEQ2.fasta Unix% plotorf SEQ1.fasta –stop TAA, TAG –out GA.plot & Unix% getorf SEQ1.fasta –minsize 5 –table 0 –find 1 –out GA.getorf &

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk ATGGGTCGTGAAGAGAATGCTCCTCCTTTGGAATCTTAA TACCCAGCACTTCTCTTACGAGGAGGAAACCTTAGAATT Frame -3 Frame -2 Frame -1 Frame 1 Frame 2 Frame 3 Start and stop codons are located according to the instructions to the program, and the area in between start and stop codons

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Indication of full coding sequence? Alternative splice form?

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk >_1 [17 - 37] MLLLWNL >_2 [1 - 36] MGREENAPPLES* Using getorf: (min ORF size = 5) stop codon start methionine

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Unix% transeq SEQ1.fasta –frame 1 –table 0 –sbegin 4 –send 33 -out GA.fasta & >_1 [17 - 37] MLLLWNL >_2 [1 - 36] MGREENAPPLES* >GA.fasta GREENAPPLES Knowledge procured from the literature suggests that this protein is post-translationally modified to cleave the initial methionine residue

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Unix% needle GA.fasta A.fasta –gapopen 10 –gapextend 0.5 –matrix EPAM250 & Unix% water GA.fasta A.fasta –gapopen 10 –gapextend 0.5 –matrix EPAM250 & >GA.fasta GREENAPPLES >A.fasta APPLES For a global alignment: For a local alignment: Alignments

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk P 1 0 -3 0 0 -2 -3 -2 -5 6 1 0 -6 -5 0 0 S 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -3 0 -2 -3 1 2 1 -2 -3 0 0 0 T 1 0 0 -2 0 0 0 -2 0 -3 0 1 3 -5 -3 0 0 0 W -6 2 -4 -7 -8 -5 -7 -3 -5 -2 -3 -4 0 -6 -2 -5 17 0 -6 -5 -6 0 Y -3 -4 -2 -4 0 -5 0 -4 2 7 -5 -3 0 10 -2 -3 -4 0 V 0 -2 -2 4 2 2 0 -6 -2 4 0 B 0 2 3 -4 1 2 0 1 -2 -3 1 -2 -5 0 0 -5 -3 -2 2 2 0 Z 0 0 1 3 -5 3 3 2 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 0 0 -6 -4 -2 2 3 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A R N D C Q E G H I L K M F P S T W V B Z X Y A 2 0 0 0 0 1 -2 -4 1 1 1 -6 0 0 0 0 -3 N 0 0 2 2 -4 1 1 0 2 -2 -3 1 -2 -4 1 0 -4 -2 2 1 0 D 0 2 4 -5 2 3 1 1 -2 -4 0 -3 -6 0 0 -7 -2 3 3 0 -4 C -2 -4 -5 12 -5 -3 -2 -6 -5 -4 -3 0 -2 -8 -2 -4 -5 0 0 Q 0 1 1 2 4 2 3 -2 1 -5 0 -2 -5 -2 1 3 0 -4 E 0 1 3 -5 2 4 0 1 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 1 0 -7 -2 2 3 0 -4 G 1 -3 0 1 0 5 -2 -3 -4 -2 -3 -5 1 0 -7 0 0 -5 H 2 2 1 -3 3 1 -2 6 0 0 -3 -2 1 2 0 0 I -2 -3 -2 5 2 1 0 -5 4 -2 0 L -2 -3 -4 -6 -2 -3 -4 -2 2 6 4 2 2 -3 -2 2 -3 0 K 3 1 0 -5 1 0 -2 0 -3 5 0 -5 0 0 -3 -2 1 0 0 -4 M 0 -2 -3 -5 -2 -3 -2 2 4 0 6 0 -4 2 -2 0 -5 0 F -4 -6 -4 -5 -2 1 2 -5 0 9 -3 0 7 R -2 6 0 -4 1 -3 2 -2 -3 3 0 -4 0 0 2 -2 0 0 -4 APPESGREENL S E L P A P 1 -4 0 1 1 Gap Open Penalty = 10 Gap Extension Penalty = 0.5 -401 Using PAM250 matrix Alignments

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk P 1 0 -3 0 0 -2 -3 -2 -5 6 1 0 -6 -5 0 0 S 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -3 0 -2 -3 1 2 1 -2 -3 0 0 0 T 1 0 0 -2 0 0 0 -2 0 -3 0 1 3 -5 -3 0 0 0 W -6 2 -4 -7 -8 -5 -7 -3 -5 -2 -3 -4 0 -6 -2 -5 17 0 -6 -5 -6 0 Y -3 -4 -2 -4 0 -5 0 -4 2 7 -5 -3 0 10 -2 -3 -4 0 V 0 -2 -2 4 2 2 0 -6 -2 4 0 B 0 2 3 -4 1 2 0 1 -2 -3 1 -2 -5 0 0 -5 -3 -2 2 2 0 Z 0 0 1 3 -5 3 3 2 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 0 0 -6 -4 -2 2 3 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A R N D C Q E G H I L K M F P S T W V B Z X Y A 2 0 0 0 0 1 -2 -4 1 1 1 -6 0 0 0 0 -3 N 0 0 2 2 -4 1 1 0 2 -2 -3 1 -2 -4 1 0 -4 -2 2 1 0 D 0 2 4 -5 2 3 1 1 -2 -4 0 -3 -6 0 0 -7 -2 3 3 0 -4 C -2 -4 -5 12 -5 -3 -2 -6 -5 -4 -3 0 -2 -8 -2 -4 -5 0 0 Q 0 1 1 2 4 2 3 -2 1 -5 0 -2 -5 -2 1 3 0 -4 E 0 1 3 -5 2 4 0 1 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 1 0 -7 -2 2 3 0 -4 G 1 -3 0 1 0 5 -2 -3 -4 -2 -3 -5 1 0 -7 0 0 -5 H 2 2 1 -3 3 1 -2 6 0 0 -3 -2 1 2 0 0 I -2 -3 -2 5 2 1 0 -5 4 -2 0 L -2 -3 -4 -6 -2 -3 -4 -2 2 6 4 2 2 -3 -2 2 -3 0 K 3 1 0 -5 1 0 -2 0 -3 5 0 -5 0 0 -3 -2 1 0 0 -4 M 0 -2 -3 -5 -2 -3 -2 2 4 0 6 0 -4 2 -2 0 -5 0 F -4 -6 -4 -5 -2 1 2 -5 0 9 -3 0 7 R -2 6 0 -4 1 -3 2 -2 -3 3 0 -4 0 0 2 -2 0 0 -4 APPESGREENL S E L P A P 1 -4 0 1 0001111-302 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 2 Gap Open Penalty = 10 Gap Extension Penalty = 0.5 Alignments

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk P 1 0 -3 0 0 -2 -3 -2 -5 6 1 0 -6 -5 0 0 S 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -3 0 -2 -3 1 2 1 -2 -3 0 0 0 T 1 0 0 -2 0 0 0 -2 0 -3 0 1 3 -5 -3 0 0 0 W -6 2 -4 -7 -8 -5 -7 -3 -5 -2 -3 -4 0 -6 -2 -5 17 0 -6 -5 -6 0 Y -3 -4 -2 -4 0 -5 0 -4 2 7 -5 -3 0 10 -2 -3 -4 0 V 0 -2 -2 4 2 2 0 -6 -2 4 0 B 0 2 3 -4 1 2 0 1 -2 -3 1 -2 -5 0 0 -5 -3 -2 2 2 0 Z 0 0 1 3 -5 3 3 2 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 0 0 -6 -4 -2 2 3 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A R N D C Q E G H I L K M F P S T W V B Z X Y A 2 0 0 0 0 1 -2 -4 1 1 1 -6 0 0 0 0 -3 N 0 0 2 2 -4 1 1 0 2 -2 -3 1 -2 -4 1 0 -4 -2 2 1 0 D 0 2 4 -5 2 3 1 1 -2 -4 0 -3 -6 0 0 -7 -2 3 3 0 -4 C -2 -4 -5 12 -5 -3 -2 -6 -5 -4 -3 0 -2 -8 -2 -4 -5 0 0 Q 0 1 1 2 4 2 3 -2 1 -5 0 -2 -5 -2 1 3 0 -4 E 0 1 3 -5 2 4 0 1 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 1 0 -7 -2 2 3 0 -4 G 1 -3 0 1 0 5 -2 -3 -4 -2 -3 -5 1 0 -7 0 0 -5 H 2 2 1 -3 3 1 -2 6 0 0 -3 -2 1 2 0 0 I -2 -3 -2 5 2 1 0 -5 4 -2 0 L -2 -3 -4 -6 -2 -3 -4 -2 2 6 4 2 2 -3 -2 2 -3 0 K 3 1 0 -5 1 0 -2 0 -3 5 0 -5 0 0 -3 -2 1 0 0 -4 M 0 -2 -3 -5 -2 -3 -2 2 4 0 6 0 -4 2 -2 0 -5 0 F -4 -6 -4 -5 -2 1 2 -5 0 9 -3 0 7 R -2 6 0 -4 1 -3 2 -2 -3 3 0 -4 0 0 2 -2 0 0 -4 APPESGREENL S E L P A P 1 -4 0 1 0001111-302 Gap Open Penalty = 10 Gap Extension Penalty = 0.5 0 0 Alignments

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk P 1 0 -3 0 0 -2 -3 -2 -5 6 1 0 -6 -5 0 0 S 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -3 0 -2 -3 1 2 1 -2 -3 0 0 0 T 1 0 0 -2 0 0 0 -2 0 -3 0 1 3 -5 -3 0 0 0 W -6 2 -4 -7 -8 -5 -7 -3 -5 -2 -3 -4 0 -6 -2 -5 17 0 -6 -5 -6 0 Y -3 -4 -2 -4 0 -5 0 -4 2 7 -5 -3 0 10 -2 -3 -4 0 V 0 -2 -2 4 2 2 0 -6 -2 4 0 B 0 2 3 -4 1 2 0 1 -2 -3 1 -2 -5 0 0 -5 -3 -2 2 2 0 Z 0 0 1 3 -5 3 3 2 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 0 0 -6 -4 -2 2 3 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A R N D C Q E G H I L K M F P S T W V B Z X Y A 2 0 0 0 0 1 -2 -4 1 1 1 -6 0 0 0 0 -3 N 0 0 2 2 -4 1 1 0 2 -2 -3 1 -2 -4 1 0 -4 -2 2 1 0 D 0 2 4 -5 2 3 1 1 -2 -4 0 -3 -6 0 0 -7 -2 3 3 0 -4 C -2 -4 -5 12 -5 -3 -2 -6 -5 -4 -3 0 -2 -8 -2 -4 -5 0 0 Q 0 1 1 2 4 2 3 -2 1 -5 0 -2 -5 -2 1 3 0 -4 E 0 1 3 -5 2 4 0 1 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 1 0 -7 -2 2 3 0 -4 G 1 -3 0 1 0 5 -2 -3 -4 -2 -3 -5 1 0 -7 0 0 -5 H 2 2 1 -3 3 1 -2 6 0 0 -3 -2 1 2 0 0 I -2 -3 -2 5 2 1 0 -5 4 -2 0 L -2 -3 -4 -6 -2 -3 -4 -2 2 6 4 2 2 -3 -2 2 -3 0 K 3 1 0 -5 1 0 -2 0 -3 5 0 -5 0 0 -3 -2 1 0 0 -4 M 0 -2 -3 -5 -2 -3 -2 2 4 0 6 0 -4 2 -2 0 -5 0 F -4 -6 -4 -5 -2 1 2 -5 0 9 -3 0 7 R -2 6 0 -4 1 -3 2 -2 -3 3 0 -4 0 0 2 -2 0 0 -4 APPESGREENL S E L P A P 1 -4 0 1 0001111-302 Gap Open Penalty = 10 Gap Extension Penalty = 0.5 1 Alignments

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk P 1 0 -3 0 0 -2 -3 -2 -5 6 1 0 -6 -5 0 0 S 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -3 0 -2 -3 1 2 1 -2 -3 0 0 0 T 1 0 0 -2 0 0 0 -2 0 -3 0 1 3 -5 -3 0 0 0 W -6 2 -4 -7 -8 -5 -7 -3 -5 -2 -3 -4 0 -6 -2 -5 17 0 -6 -5 -6 0 Y -3 -4 -2 -4 0 -5 0 -4 2 7 -5 -3 0 10 -2 -3 -4 0 V 0 -2 -2 4 2 2 0 -6 -2 4 0 B 0 2 3 -4 1 2 0 1 -2 -3 1 -2 -5 0 0 -5 -3 -2 2 2 0 Z 0 0 1 3 -5 3 3 2 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 0 0 -6 -4 -2 2 3 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A R N D C Q E G H I L K M F P S T W V B Z X Y A 2 0 0 0 0 1 -2 -4 1 1 1 -6 0 0 0 0 -3 N 0 0 2 2 -4 1 1 0 2 -2 -3 1 -2 -4 1 0 -4 -2 2 1 0 D 0 2 4 -5 2 3 1 1 -2 -4 0 -3 -6 0 0 -7 -2 3 3 0 -4 C -2 -4 -5 12 -5 -3 -2 -6 -5 -4 -3 0 -2 -8 -2 -4 -5 0 0 Q 0 1 1 2 4 2 3 -2 1 -5 0 -2 -5 -2 1 3 0 -4 E 0 1 3 -5 2 4 0 1 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 1 0 -7 -2 2 3 0 -4 G 1 -3 0 1 0 5 -2 -3 -4 -2 -3 -5 1 0 -7 0 0 -5 H 2 2 1 -3 3 1 -2 6 0 0 -3 -2 1 2 0 0 I -2 -3 -2 5 2 1 0 -5 4 -2 0 L -2 -3 -4 -6 -2 -3 -4 -2 2 6 4 2 2 -3 -2 2 -3 0 K 3 1 0 -5 1 0 -2 0 -3 5 0 -5 0 0 -3 -2 1 0 0 -4 M 0 -2 -3 -5 -2 -3 -2 2 4 0 6 0 -4 2 -2 0 -5 0 F -4 -6 -4 -5 -2 1 2 -5 0 9 -3 0 7 R -2 6 0 -4 1 -3 2 -2 -3 3 0 -4 0 0 2 -2 0 0 -4 APPESGREENL S E L P A P 1 -4 0 1 0001111-302 Gap Open Penalty = 10 Gap Extension Penalty = 0.5 1 0 0 Alignments

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk P 1 0 -3 0 0 -2 -3 -2 -5 6 1 0 -6 -5 0 0 S 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -3 0 -2 -3 1 2 1 -2 -3 0 0 0 T 1 0 0 -2 0 0 0 -2 0 -3 0 1 3 -5 -3 0 0 0 W -6 2 -4 -7 -8 -5 -7 -3 -5 -2 -3 -4 0 -6 -2 -5 17 0 -6 -5 -6 0 Y -3 -4 -2 -4 0 -5 0 -4 2 7 -5 -3 0 10 -2 -3 -4 0 V 0 -2 -2 4 2 2 0 -6 -2 4 0 B 0 2 3 -4 1 2 0 1 -2 -3 1 -2 -5 0 0 -5 -3 -2 2 2 0 Z 0 0 1 3 -5 3 3 2 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 0 0 -6 -4 -2 2 3 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A R N D C Q E G H I L K M F P S T W V B Z X Y A 2 0 0 0 0 1 -2 -4 1 1 1 -6 0 0 0 0 -3 N 0 0 2 2 -4 1 1 0 2 -2 -3 1 -2 -4 1 0 -4 -2 2 1 0 D 0 2 4 -5 2 3 1 1 -2 -4 0 -3 -6 0 0 -7 -2 3 3 0 -4 C -2 -4 -5 12 -5 -3 -2 -6 -5 -4 -3 0 -2 -8 -2 -4 -5 0 0 Q 0 1 1 2 4 2 3 -2 1 -5 0 -2 -5 -2 1 3 0 -4 E 0 1 3 -5 2 4 0 1 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 1 0 -7 -2 2 3 0 -4 G 1 -3 0 1 0 5 -2 -3 -4 -2 -3 -5 1 0 -7 0 0 -5 H 2 2 1 -3 3 1 -2 6 0 0 -3 -2 1 2 0 0 I -2 -3 -2 5 2 1 0 -5 4 -2 0 L -2 -3 -4 -6 -2 -3 -4 -2 2 6 4 2 2 -3 -2 2 -3 0 K 3 1 0 -5 1 0 -2 0 -3 5 0 -5 0 0 -3 -2 1 0 0 -4 M 0 -2 -3 -5 -2 -3 -2 2 4 0 6 0 -4 2 -2 0 -5 0 F -4 -6 -4 -5 -2 1 2 -5 0 9 -3 0 7 R -2 6 0 -4 1 -3 2 -2 -3 3 0 -4 0 0 2 -2 0 0 -4 APPESGREENL S E L P A P 1 -4 0 1 0001111-302 Gap Open Penalty = 10 Gap Extension Penalty = 0.5 1 0 -9Alignments

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk P 1 0 -3 0 0 -2 -3 -2 -5 6 1 0 -6 -5 0 0 S 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 -3 0 -2 -3 1 2 1 -2 -3 0 0 0 T 1 0 0 -2 0 0 0 -2 0 -3 0 1 3 -5 -3 0 0 0 W -6 2 -4 -7 -8 -5 -7 -3 -5 -2 -3 -4 0 -6 -2 -5 17 0 -6 -5 -6 0 Y -3 -4 -2 -4 0 -5 0 -4 2 7 -5 -3 0 10 -2 -3 -4 0 V 0 -2 -2 4 2 2 0 -6 -2 4 0 B 0 2 3 -4 1 2 0 1 -2 -3 1 -2 -5 0 0 -5 -3 -2 2 2 0 Z 0 0 1 3 -5 3 3 2 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 0 0 -6 -4 -2 2 3 0 X 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 A R N D C Q E G H I L K M F P S T W V B Z X Y A 2 0 0 0 0 1 -2 -4 1 1 1 -6 0 0 0 0 -3 N 0 0 2 2 -4 1 1 0 2 -2 -3 1 -2 -4 1 0 -4 -2 2 1 0 D 0 2 4 -5 2 3 1 1 -2 -4 0 -3 -6 0 0 -7 -2 3 3 0 -4 C -2 -4 -5 12 -5 -3 -2 -6 -5 -4 -3 0 -2 -8 -2 -4 -5 0 0 Q 0 1 1 2 4 2 3 -2 1 -5 0 -2 -5 -2 1 3 0 -4 E 0 1 3 -5 2 4 0 1 -2 -3 0 -2 -5 1 0 -7 -2 2 3 0 -4 G 1 -3 0 1 0 5 -2 -3 -4 -2 -3 -5 1 0 -7 0 0 -5 H 2 2 1 -3 3 1 -2 6 0 0 -3 -2 1 2 0 0 I -2 -3 -2 5 2 1 0 -5 4 -2 0 L -2 -3 -4 -6 -2 -3 -4 -2 2 6 4 2 2 -3 -2 2 -3 0 K 3 1 0 -5 1 0 -2 0 -3 5 0 -5 0 0 -3 -2 1 0 0 -4 M 0 -2 -3 -5 -2 -3 -2 2 4 0 6 0 -4 2 -2 0 -5 0 F -4 -6 -4 -5 -2 1 2 -5 0 9 -3 0 7 R -2 6 0 -4 1 -3 2 -2 -3 3 0 -4 0 0 2 -2 0 0 -4 Gap Open Penalty = 10 Gap Extension Penalty = 0.5 APPESGREENL S E L P A P 1 -4 0 1 0001111-302 1 -4 -5 0 0 -4 0 0 -2 -3 0 1 -2 -5 -2 1 2 -4 -5 -3 7 9 -4 -5 -4 7 13 6 -5 -4 -2 4 18 5 -8 -4 -6 22 6 1 -3 -9 -2 24 Alignments

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Alignments To align two or more sequences in a biologically significant way. GREENAPPLES APPLES Local (water) Global (needle) Gap penalty = 10; Extension penalty = 0.5 APPLES

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk GREENAPPLES APPLES looks like the “apples” motif may be part of a larger domain APPLES physicochemical properties pattern searching

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Physico- chemical properties Unix% iep GA.fasta –plot -step 0.5 –out GA.IEP & Unix% pepinfo GA.fasta –hwindow 8 –generalplot –hydropathyplot & Isoelectric point General properties

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Physico- chemical properties D Y FW H K R E Q N M A G C S P I V L T Aliphatic Aromatic Hydrophobic Tiny Small Charged Positive Polar The pepinfo graph of properties is based on this diagram

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Physico- chemical properties non-polar region with small residues polar region to one side of non- charged region

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Hydropathy plot I 4.50 C 2.50 A 1.80 M 1.90 R-4.50 K-3.90 D-3.50 Q-3.50 N-3.50 E-3.50 H-3.20 S-0.80 T-0.70 P -1.60 Y -1.30 G -0.40 W -0.90 L 3.80 V 4.20 F 2.80 Kyte & Doolittle GREENAPPLES window size = 5 -0.4-4.5-3.5 ++++ = -15.4 5 hydropathy value = -3.08

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk GREENAPPLES 0 Hydropathy plot -3.0 -2.0 -1.5 -2.5 GREEN REENA EENAP ENAPP NAPPL PPLES APPLE no truly hydropathic regions window size = 5

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Pattern searching GREENAPPL---ES -RE-DAPPL---ES GREEN---LEAVES -RE-D---LEAVES GREENAPPLES >GA.fasta GREENLEAVES >GL.fasta REDAPPLES >RA.fasta REDLEAVES >RL.fasta [G] (0,1)-R–[E] (1,2)–[ND]–X (3)–L–X (3) – E – S

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk Pattern searching Unix% fuzzpro sptr:* pattern.fruit –mismatch 0 –out GA.fuzzpro & Search a protein database: [G] (0,1) - [R] – [E] (1,2) – [ND] –x (3) – [L] –x (3) – [E] – [S] pattern.fruit Nothing resembling this pattern is found in the database - But we could try scanning PRINTS (pscan) and PROSTIE (patmatmotifs) with one of our sequences.

UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre EMBOSS – an application suite for bioinformatics Lisa Mullan.

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UK MRC Human Genome Mapping Project Resource Centre EMBOSS – an application suite for bioinformatics Lisa Mullan.

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