1. Tue 1/19 1.What is a mineral? Minerals are naturally occurring They are not made by humans Minerals are inorganic They have never been alive and are not made up from plants or animals Minerals are solids They are not liquids (like water), or gases (like the air around you) Minerals have a definite chemical composition Each one is made of a particular mix of chemical elements Minerals have an ordered atomic arrangement The chemical elements that make up each mineral are arranged in a particular way - this is why minerals 'grow' as crystals

2. Crystal – the atoms that make up the mineral are arranged in a particular pattern.

4. After quiz ( if needed turn in Mineral Lab ws from yesterday) 1 st Complete mineral MV ws 2 nd Add to your booklet ( add 3 pages, 2 terms per page draw and color pictures) 1. How rocks are classified? P.341 Draw Breccia 2. Color p. 341 3. Texture p. 341 4. Grain p. 341 5. Igneous rock p. 342 6. Intrusive rock p..342 draw granite 7. Extrusive rock p.342 draw basalt 8. Sedimentary rock p. 343 draw figure 17 C 9. Sediment p. 343 draw sand 10. Erosion p.343 draw it raining 11. Deposition p. 343 A 12. Metamorphic rock p. 345 sandstone to quartzite

8. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Luster Surface reflection metallic = shiny like metal non-metallic = dull, non-shiny surface Pyrite has a metallic luster Calcite has a non-metallic luster

9. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Hardness How easily a mineral scratches materials Mohs Hardness Scale Scale from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest) Test by seeing if the mineral can scratch different objects (like human fingernail, copper, penny, glass, steel file)

10. Wed 1/21 2. What is a “Carat”? One carat weighs 200 milligrams, or one-fifth (.2) of a gram. This standard has been in use worldwide since 1914, when it was proposed by the International Committee on Weights and Measures.

11. Fri 1/22 3. Name the mineral. Can be scratched by Topaz but not Feldspar. Quartz

12. Mon 1/25 What happens when a mineral breaks?

13. Tue 1/26 Why is a minerals streak more reliable than color? Streak is the same, even if different color.

14. Thur 1/28 How do minerals form?

16. What is the difference between a rock and a mineral?

17. Fri 1/29 What are the fragments called that make up rocks? Grains They use the grain size, shape and composition to classify rocks. The grains are broken pieces of minerals. Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic

18. Monday 2/1 How are igneous rocks formed?

19. Tue 2/2 What type of rock are fossils found in? Sedimentary

20. Wed 2/3 What processes change an existing rock into a metamorphic rock? Heat Pressure

21. Fri 2/5 Give the processes associated with each rock type. Igneous Rocks Melt Magma or lava Cool Harden Crystallize Texture Intrusive Extrusive Volcano Sedimentary Rocks Weathering Erosion Deposition Sediments Compaction Cementation Metamorphic Rocks Heat Pressure change Hard Banded Layered

22. Mon 2/8 Name the rock ? Heat and pressure Weathering erosion deposition Compaction and cementation Melting and solidification Metamorphic Sedimentary Igneous

23. Wed 2/10 Name the rock type.

31. Rock Cycle Diagram 1.Use the following five processes to label every arrow on the rock cycle diagram: compaction and cementation, melting, cooling and hardening, heat and pressure, weathering and erosion

35. Fossils are typically found in sedimentary rock, almost all of which were originally deposited as sediments by moving water. Subsequent processes hardened them into sedimentary rock, as overlying pressure squeezed the water out and the grains were cemented together. Often plants and animals were trapped, being buried in the sediments. As the sediments hardened into sedimentary rock, the dead things hardened into fossils

36. Question # 1 Which of the following types of rock is produced by magma that cools deep below the earth's crust? A. extrusive igneous B. intrusive igneous C. foliated metamorphic D. chemical sedimentary

37. Question # 2 The size and arrangement of crystal grains in igneous rocks is called A. density B. texture C. hardness D. luster

38. Question #3 Lava that cools on the earth's surface forms what type of rock? A. clastic B. intrusive C. stratified D. extrusive

39. Question #4 The texture of igneous rock is determined by the rate at which magma _______. A. flows from a volcano B. cools C. melts D. compresses

40. Question #5 The term "igneous " means A. fire-formed B. to change C. to become layered D. dark colored

41. 6. Magma is: A)melted rock B)the source of all igneous rocks C)the reason volcanoes form D)all of these

42. 7.Remains or traces of ancient plants and animals that are preserved in rock are called A. elements B. concretions C. fossils D. geodes

43. 8. The rock cycle indicates that each type of rock can ____. aprovide materials to make other rocks b.b. form other rocks c. be changed by forces at Earth's surface d.d. all of the above

44. 9. What rate did the crystals cool when this igneous rock formed? A.Fast B.Slow

45. 10. What rate did the crystals cool when this igneous rock formed? A. Fast B. Slow

46. 11. How many major rock types are in the rock cycle? a.3 b.4 c.5 d.7

47. 12. Two rocks have the same minerals, but of very different sizes. Which statement is true? A. One rock has more eroded fragments than the other. B. The minerals cooled at different rates from a magma. C. The rocks have different compositions. D. One rock is igneous and one rock is metamorphic.

48. 13. Metamorphism can best be defined as A. compaction and cementation of rock fragments B. precipitation of minerals dissolved in water C. solidification of magma by cooling D. changing of a rock by heat and pressure

49. 14. The meaning of the word "metamorphic" is A. fire-formed B. to change C. sedimentation D. permanent

50. 15. What type of rock is formed by volcanic activity? A.Sedimentary B.Metamorphic C.Igneous D.Lava

51. 16. What type of rock is formed by weathering, erosion, compaction, and cementation? a.Igneous b.Metamorphic c.Sedimentary d.Salt

52. 17. In order for metamorphic rock to become an igneous rock, what must happen? a.Compaction and cementation b.Heat and pressure c.Melt and cool d.Weathering and erosion

53. 18. Volcanoes ooze a liquid rock material called ________________? a.Magma b.Lava c.Water d.Granite

54. 19. All rocks are made of one or more ____________________? a.Sediments b.Minerals c.Fossils d.magma

55. 20. Rock that is made of other rock fragments and fossils are called? a.Sedimentary b.Igneous c.Granite d.Metamorphic

58. Fri 1/22 3. Name the mineral. Can be scratched by Topaz but not Feldspar. Quartz

59. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Color Can be misleading Can vary with the type of impurities

60. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Streak The color of the powdered form of the mineral The color of the streak can be different than the mineral Minerals must be softer than the streak plate

61. Physical Properties of Minerals (can be used to identify the mineral) Luster Surface reflection metallic = shiny like metal non-metallic = dull, non-shiny surface Pyrite has a metallic luster Calcite has a non-metallic luster

62. Mon 1/25 What happens when minerals break?

63. How do minerals form? 1) Cooling of magma (hot, liquid rock and minerals inside the earth (from the mantle)) – Fast Cooling = No Crystals (mineralogist) – Medium Cooling = small crystals – Slow Cooling = large crystals

64. How do minerals form? 2) Elements dissolved in liquids (usually water)