1. EMEP SB, 35 th session, Geneva, 5-7 September 2011 35th session of the EMEP Steering Body In an ideal world … (a wish-list?) Working Group on Effects (WGE) ICP Modelling & Mapping www.icpmapping.org Maximilian Posch, J-P Hettelingh, J Slootweg Coordination Centre for Effects (CCE) www.rivm.nl/cce

2. EMEP SB, 35 th session, Geneva, 5-7 September 2011 Note: - The following remarks (‘wishes’) are to stimulate discussion, not any formal requests … -They are mainly inspired by the modelling community within the WGE -They might be on the to-do list of EMEP anyway; and only resource limitations prevent them be carried out …

3. EMEP SB, 35 th session, Geneva, 5-7 September 2011 Topics: 1. Grid size and shape 2. Sulphate from sea salts 3. Base cation (and chloride) deposition 4. Historic depositions (S, N) back to … 5. New Source-receptor matrices

4. EMEP SB, 35 th session, Geneva, 5-7 September 2011 1. Grid size and shape Under discussion (and ‘experimental’ use?): a) EMEP grid with size 25×25 and 10×10 km 2 b) 0.2º×0.2º or 0.1º×0.1º Lon-Lat grid ad a) New CLs on 5×5 EMEP grid ad b) Could be accommodated in future calls (and has many other advantages)

5. EMEP SB, 35 th session, Geneva, 5-7 September 2011 2. Sulphate from sea salts At present, EMEP depositions do not include deposition of sulphate from sea spray; For effects assessments real total S input is needed  SO 4,ss estimated from (measured) Cl (Na) deposition, assumed to originate wholly from sea salts; and CL(S) corrected accordingly. Inaccurate and prone to errors … Q: Wouldn’t modelling of sea salt sulphate also improve PM balances?

6. EMEP SB, 35 th session, Geneva, 5-7 September 2011 3. Base cation (and Cl) deposition Essential input for CLs and DynMod … Work has been done by EMEP: Van Loon M, Tarrasón L, Posch M (2005) Modelling base cations in Europe. MSC-W Technical Report 2/05 … and this is still used by the CCE But update and extension (Cl) would be desirable … Q: Isn’t modelling of base cations essential for PM balances?

7. EMEP SB, 35 th session, Geneva, 5-7 September 2011 4. Historic depositions of S and N Crucial input for Dynamic Modelling Long ago, EMEP has done work in this field (for S): Mylona S (1996) Sulphur dioxide emissions in Europe 1880-1991 and their effect on sulphur concentrations and depositions. Tellus 48B: 662-689 Which has been used in: Schöpp W, Posch M, Mylona S, Johansson M (2003) Long-term development of acid deposition (1880-2030) in sensitive freshwater regions in Europe. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 7(4): 436-446 But an update (esp. for N species) but be very welcome!

8. EMEP SB, 35 th session, Geneva, 5-7 September 2011 5. New source-receptor matrices ? New EMEP model versions differ from older ones (obviously) … especially for dry deposition of N to forests … If confirmed, might necessitate calculation of new SRMs … … but not only (not even primarily) an issue of WGE!

9. EMEP SB, 35 th session, Geneva, 5-7 September 2011 Final Remarks: Since material flow is (mostly) from the atmosphere to ecosystems, WGE (modellers) need more from EMEP than vice versa … But: Earth’s surface also influences deposition, via - Land cover -Re-suspension (Hg) … and WGE can provide info on land cover and soil properties Collaboration outside Convention: - excellent, - more formalised thru, e.g, ECLAIRE (FP7) Thanks you!

10. EMEP SB, 35 th session, Geneva, 5-7 September 2011

11. Refs: Van Loon M, Tarrasón L, Posch M, 2005. Modelling base cations in Europe. MSC-W Technical Report 2/05 Lamarque J-F, et al. (2010) Historical (1850-2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 10: 7017-7039 Smith SJ, Van Aardenne J, Klimont Z, Andres RJ, Volke A, Delgado Arias S (2011) Anthropogenic sulfur dioxide emissions: 1850-2005. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11: 1101-1116 … and the real long-term perspective: Kopáček J, Posch M (2011) Anthropogenic nitrogen emissions during the Holocene and their possible effects on remote ecosystems. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 25: GB2017