1. Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33 Adviser & Client: Dr. Randall Geiger In consultation with: Garry Elder System Engineering Manager at TI Team leader: Ximeng Sun (Susie) Communicator: Xing Cao (Star) Web master: Zhuoran Yang

2. Problem statement What we have done ◦ Background Information ◦ Ideas Challenge Conclusion Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

3. Problem Statement Understand TI’s existing battery management products Broaden the market with existing products Find out if there is an architecture which customers need but TI does not have it yet Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

4. Problem statement What we have done ◦ Background Information ◦ Ideas Challenge Conclusion Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

5. Background Information Marketing Engineer ◦ Understands technical aspects of engineering ◦ More involved in the definition and sales of products Market Survey ◦ One billion dollars ◦ 80% of the whole market Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

6. Our Ideas Wireless charging Green energy RAID battery Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

7. Wireless charging Wireless recharged battery Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33 Battery management wire connectinductor

8. Wireless charging Invisible implant to table Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

9. Our ideas Wireless charging Green energy RAID battery Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

10. Kinetic Energy KERS(Kinetic Energy Recovery System) ◦ An automotive system for recovering a moving vehicle's kinetic energy under braking ◦ The recovered energy is stored in a battery for later use Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

11. KERS idea Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

12. Why did not pursue these two ideas : TI has been doing some of these products TI is not interested in some of our ideas Engineering and scientific challenges ◦ Extend wireless charging ◦ Limited time Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

13. Hot News! At April 5, 2013, Fisker Automotive, a producer of hybrid cars, has laid off most its employees and is exploring bankruptcy.

14. Our ideas Wireless charging Green energy RAID battery Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

15. RAID controller battery What is RAID? ◦ Redundant array of independent disks What is RAID controller battery? ◦ A back-up battery ◦ Power the RAID controller’s write cache (HP Battery Backed Write Cache Upgrade 512MB Cache RAID Controller Battery Kit) Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

16. RAID controller battery Why do we need it? ◦ Decrease data loss risk for power/server failure How does it work? ◦ Save data in cache when power fails ◦ Write to cache when power restored Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

17. A Typical RAID Battery System One 1200mAh lithium ion battery One year lifetime Backup for up to 72 hours Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

18. Motivation for RAID controller Customer complaints Servers need to keep working Large market potential Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

19. Existing System vs. Our Design Existing Proposed

20. Improvements WWR ( Working While Replacing ) BRM ( Battery Relaxation Mode ) LFME ( Line Failure Mode Enhancement )

21. Our design A smart RAID controller battery management chip which has the following features: ◦ Fuel gauge ◦ Thermal protection ◦ Keep system operational during battery replacement ◦ Extend battery calendar life Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

22. Chips we use Battery management ◦ Chip BQ24161:  Thermal protection  Control the charge voltage, current ◦ Chip BQ27425  Fuel gauge ORing controller ◦ Chip TPS2419  Determines if the raid controller needs to use the backup battery  Determines if the raid controller needs the battery and which battery to use. Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

23. Proposed design Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33 Cyclone-13-33 Smart System

24. Three main components Thermal protector Smart controller Lifetime fuel gauge Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

25. Thermal Protector Monitor temperature Alarm system ◦ Temperature range from 25 ℃ to 55 ℃ ◦ Alarm on in unusual mode ◦ Pins for fans Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

26. Smart controller Induce charge/discharge cycling Control switches Maintain operation during battery replacement Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

27. Model One(DRC cycling): Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33 The DRC cycling for years Detail of DRC cycling

28. Model Two(Benefit of DRC): Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33 Motivation: J. Li, E. Murphy, J. Winnick, and P. A. Kohl, “The effects of pulse charging on cycling characteristics of commercial lithium-ion batteries,” J. Power Sources, vol. 102, no. 1–2, pp. 302–309, Dec. 2001. Benefit of doing cycling Prediction of doing cycling

29. Lifetime Fuel Gauge Detected the current in the circuits Monitor the capacity and rest energy of battery Determine if the battery need to be changed Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

30. LFME( Line Failure Mode Enhancement ) LFME(Line Failure Mode Enhancement ) Automatically switch battery every one hour to extend battery’s lifetime. We can predict that the operation time will exceed 72 hours(applying “Relaxation phenomena”). Reference: T.F. Fuller, M.Doyle, and J. Newman, “Relaxation phenomena in lithiumion-insertion cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 141, pp. 982–990, April 1994. Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

31. Problem statement What we have done ◦ Background Information ◦ Ideas Challenge Conclusion Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

32. Challenges Good lithium ion battery model: ◦ Limited information for commercial lithium ion battery models ◦ Research literature strongly dependent of battery chemistry How we solved it: ◦ Advise from Garry Elder in battery management group from TI for help ◦ Advice from Steve Martin, distinguished professor, Material Science ◦ Inference from:  J. Li, E. Murphy, J. Winnick, and P. A. Kohl, “The effects of pulse charging on cycling characteristics of commercial lithium-ion batteries,” J. Power Sources, vol. 102, no. 1–2, pp. 302–309, Dec. 2001.  T.F. Fuller, M.Doyle, and J. Newman, “Relaxation phenomena in lithiumion-insertion cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 141, pp. 982–990, April 1994. Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

33. Problem statement What we have done ◦ Background Information ◦ Ideas Challenge Conclusion Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

34. Conclusion Some ideas are not practical (For us) Make improvement on the RAID battery Marketing engineer ◦ Need to understand all technology of existing products ◦ Have a sense of what is the marketing trend Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

35. Questions? Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

36. Thanks for listening! Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

38. Project Schedule 1 Understand TI’s existing battery management products. 2 Understand the technologies and protocols. 3 Considering who or which potential markets can use the existing products from TI. 4 Find a new battery management architecture which will have a big market. 5 Presenting/consultation ideas with TI and come up with a final idea. 6 Try to come out a new product which can be applied into an existing and developing markets. Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

39. Future work Explore use less battery to keep the system working for 72 hours (apply “Relaxation Phenomena”) Use the all-solid-state Lithium Secondary Battery Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33 Reference: T.F. Fuller, M.Doyle, and J. Newman, “Relaxation phenomena in lithiumion-insertion cells”, J. Electrochem. Soc., vol. 141, pp. 982– 990, April 1994.

40. TPS2419 Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

41. TPS2419 Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

42. BQ27425 Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

43. BQ241161 Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

44. Rest recover for lithium ion battery Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

45. One charging/discharging cycle Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

46. Reliability Calculation Time for one charging/discharging: (600mAh*40%)/(0.1C) = 4 hours(h) Average capacity percentage for each battery: (100%+60%)/2 = 80% Total capacity and time that can be used during charging/discharging: 80%*600mAh + 600mAh = 1080mAh 1080/1200 * 72h = 64.8 h Total capacity and time that can be used during rest: 60% * 600mAh + 600mAh = 960mAh 960/1200 * 72h = 57.6 h Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

47. Reliability Calculation Percentage that the system can be used for up to 72h: (365*24-8*24-0.5*24)/(365*24) = 97.671% per year Percentage that the system can be used for up to 64.8h: 8*12*2/(365*24) = 2.192% per year Percentage that the system can be used for up to 57.6h: 0.5*12*2/(365*24) = 0.137% per year Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

48. Strategic Marketing Engineering Group May#13-33

49. BQ500210EVM-689 Input maximum 20V Thermo cutoff