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Chapter 10: Figures of Speech Instructor: Katelyn McGehee e-mail: katelynmcgehee@gmail.com cell phone #: 15093368690 website: westernliterature.weebly.com
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I am passing around your midterm grades. They are written by your student number. Please only look at your own grade. Ask me at the break or after class if you have questions. Congratulations to… Mary, Enoch, Paul, Faith, Nana, and Brian!
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Figures of speech: the various forms of expression used to show meaning or heighten effect, often by comparing or identifying one thing with another that has a meaning or connotation familiar to the reader.
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Metaphor: the comparison of two different things without using the words “like” or “as.” Saying that something IS something else… when it isn’t really.
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That time of year thou mayst in me behold When yellow leaves, or none, or few do hang Upon those boughs which shake against the cold 4 Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang. In me thou seest the twilight of such day As after sunset fadeth in the west, Which by and by black night doth steal away, 8 Death's second self, which seals up all in rest. In me thou seest the glowing of such fire That on the ashes of his youth doth lie, As the deathbed whereon it must expire, 12 Consumed with that which it was nourished by. This thou perceiv'st, which makes thy love more strong, To love that well which thou must leave ere long.
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No man is an island, entire of itself. Every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main. If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if a promontory were, As well as if a manor of thy friends or of thine own were. Any man's death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind. And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee. Continent – a big piece of land, like Asia or North America Clod – a small clump of dirt; Diminishes – makes less, hurts, affects Involved – a part of; Send – ask; tolls – rings, makes the sound of a bell A bell tolls when someone dies and it calls them to their funeral.
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Read the poem on page 225 carefully. What do you think it is describing? Who is the speaker? Ponderous – big Strolling – walking Tendrils – melon plant vines Timbers – pieces of wood Loaf – bread Yeasty – the ingredient that makes bread rise Rising – getting bigger Minted – just made at the factory “in calf” – pregnant with a baby cow Boarded – got on (eating a bag of green apples will make you sick)
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Simile: the comparison of two different things using the words “like” or “as.” The difference between metaphor and simile: My love is a rose. My love is like a rose. - Which is a metaphor? Which is a simile?
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Oh, my love is like a red, red rose, That’s newly sprung in June. My love is like the melody, That’s sweetly played in tune. (pp. 217-218) Where are the similes? Sprung – grown Melody – music In tune – when music is played well
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Personification: giving human characteristics to something that is not human. Examples: Page 228: “The Wind”
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Page 228 Withered – dead, dried up Thumped – hit
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Apostrophe: speaking to an imaginary or absent person (someone not real or not really there), a thing (like a flower or a dog), or an abstract idea (like “hope” or “love” or “death”) Example: “The Ode to My Goldfish”: O wet pet! O Death, where is thy sting? O Grave, where is thy victory?
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Death, be not proud, though some have called thee Mighty and dreadful, for thou art not so; For those whom thou think'st thou dost overthrow, Die not, poor Death, nor yet canst thou kill me. From rest and sleep, which but thy pictures be, Much pleasure; then from thee much more must flow, And soonest our best men with thee do go, Rest of their bones, and soul's delivery. Thou art slave to fate, chance, kings, and desperate men, And dost with poison, war, and sickness dwell; And poppy or charms can make us sleep as well And better than thy stroke; why swell'st thou then? One short sleep past, we wake eternally, And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die.
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Hyperbole (or overstatement): an exaggeration for emphasis or comic effect. Examples: “I’m so hungry I could eat a horse!” “I nearly died laughing.” “I could sleep for a year.”
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Homework! Oh, Homework! I hate you! You stink! I wish I could wash you away in the sink, if only a bomb would explode you to bits. Homework! Oh, homework! You're giving me fits.
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I'd rather take baths with a man-eating shark, or wrestle a lion alone in the dark, eat spinach and liver, pet ten porcupines, than tackle the homework, my teacher assigns.
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Homework! Oh, homework! you're last on my list, I simply can't see why you even exist! If you just disappeared it would tickle me pink. Homework! Oh, homework! I hate you! You stink! - Jack Prelutsky
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Paradox: a statement that is apparently untrue, but seems true if thought about more carefully. Being alone in a crowded room. Hating someone but loving them too. Example: Page 223 Oxymoron: a paradox in two words: Examples: Bittersweet, loud silence, living death
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Page 223 Brawling – fighting Vanity – something meaningless or not important Misshapen – not having a shape or form Chaos – disorder, craziness in form Lead – a heavy metal
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Skim the introductory part of Chapter 11: Imagery and Symbolism (pp. 232-235). Check the website in a few days for new poems. Study any vocabulary I post in case there is a quiz next week. Finish your apostrophe poems.
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