1. Hard Disk Drive 1 LG: TIS 85 Group 5 Presented by Umar Mohammad Nishant Goel Mitali Chaudhary Neeta Vishnupurikar Nitin Kshrisagar Nitin katode

2. Invented on 24 th dec 1954 by IBM Started with capacity of 3.75 MB Data transfer rate was 8.8 kbps Improved to 1 TB Revenue world wide US $32 billion History

3. What is Hard Disk Drive? A data storage device used for storing and retrieving digital information Non volatile memory. Data is accessed in random access manner Form factor 3.5 inches for desktop and 2.5 inches for laptop

4. PARTS OF HARD DRIVE  Platter  Jumper  Actuator  Head(Slider)  Spindle  SCSI Connector  Power Connector  Ribbon Cable

5. Head: A "head" records (writes) or reads the information on the tracks. Platter: Each platter requires two read/write heads, one for each side. Actuator: An actuator is an electronic device controlled by motor that moves the hard drive head arm. Spindle: It is used to hold the platters.

6. DIVISIONS OF HARD DRIVES Tracks: Portion of a disk which passes under a single stationary head during a disk rotation. Cylinder: Comprises of the set of tracks described by all the heads (on separate platters) at a single seek position. Sectors: The basic unit of storage.

7. DIVISIONS OF HARD DISK

8. Performance factors of a hard disk The data rate The seek time capacity of the drive Latency Data transfer rate Rotational speed [rpm]Average latency [ms] 15,0002 10,0003

9. Operating Mechanism Of HDD Storage of data on disk Disk Controller Read Write Head Function Parking of RW Head

10. Types of HDD There are two types of HDD Internal HDD It is in the drive bay and connects to the motherboard using ATA, SATA, SCSI cable and powered by PSU. External HDD stored in a enclosure that helps to protect drive and allow it to interface with computer by using USB cable.

11. TYPES OF HDD HDD PATA/IDE SCSI SATA SAS

12. PATA/IDE(parallel Advancement Technology Attachment) It has controller on each drive so we can connect directly to the motherboard Data transfer rate 133MB/s It uses jumpers Invented in 1986

13. Invented year 2003 Data transfer rate 150 – 600 Mbps Narrow data cable No jumper SATA(Serial Advancement Technology Attachment)

14. SCSI(Small Computer System Interface Drive) SAS(Serial Attached SCSI Drive)

15. Technologies in HDD Shingled magnetic recording (SMR): Increased storage density and overall per-drive storage capacity Perpendicular recording: deliver more than three times the storage media of traditional longitudinal recording Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) A small laser is used to heat the part of the disk that is being written to

16. Technologies in HDD

17. LATEST TECHNOLOGY Solid State Drives (SSDs) No actual disk, nor a drive motor to spin a disk Uses integrated circuit Hybrid drives C ombine the features of SSDs and HDDs in the same unit

18. HDD vs. SSD Speed Durability Noise Form Factors