1. Europe leading to the Renaissance

2. Monastery/Abbey

3. Popes v. Kings Pope religious/political authority – –owned land in/around Rome (papal states) Over time bishops/abbots: vassals to lords –Chosen for political, not spiritual reasons Popes took more power used –Excommunication – kick people out of church

4. Church in High Middle Ages Sacraments : –How a person received God’s grace; taught as necessary for salvation Mary, mother of Jesus : – highest saint relics : –physical objects from the saints worthy of worship (piece of cross, head of John t. B.) –Pilgrimage to churches/monasteries that housed relics (Canterbury – Thomas a Becket) New orders of monks: –Franciscan – followed Francis of Assisi; vow of absolute poverty –Dominican – followed Dominic de Guzman; vowed to fight heresy (denying beliefs) –Inquisition founded as Church court to fight heresy (famous Spanish Inquisition)

5. Franciscan and Dominican Monks

6. Decline of Church Power Political ambitions of popes > clashes w/kings Conflict between pope and king of France –king of France got French pope elected 1305-1377 popes lived in Avignon, France; –Pope Gregory XI moved papacy back to Rome –Next pope Italian; French elected own pope Papal Schism –1378-1417 had 2+ popes (a French and Italian) –Finally a council was called to depose popes –new pope elected and followed –Weakened authority of Church and pope This made people QUESTION the Catholic church for the first time Jan Hus Czech reformer who called for end to church corruption- burned as a heretic