1. Monarchies

2. Absolute Monarchies Kings and queens who believed that all the power in their country was theirs. Believed that they had a Divine right to rule. Divine Right God created the monarchy and the monarch acted as Gods representative

3. Monarchies on the Rise Decline of feudalism Rise of cities, growth of national kingdoms & centralized government. Support of Middle class Church authority broke down

4. Why Monarchies Religious and territory battles going on Countries must raise huge armies Need to raise taxes to pay for the armies. Taxes cause unrest in the country

5. King Philip King of Spain Was shy, serious, and deeply religious Spain very rich at the time getting 100,000 pounds of riches from the Americas. King takes a cut of the goods. The money allows Spain to fund a huge army

6. Religious Wars Wars caused by the Reformation Philip believed it was his duty to defeat the Muslims and Protestants Sent an Armada to England and was crushed by the English. Its wealth allowed Spain to look stronger than it really was for a long time.

7. Inflation 2 causes Spain’s population grew More people demanded goods so merchants increased the price Silver flooded the market and the price of silver dropped.

8. Middle Class Expelled the Jews and Muslims This got rid of the middle class

9. Tariffs Guilds from the middle ages are still strong Buyers would then buy from other nations As a result much of Spain’s wealth flowed to other countries

10. Louis XIV Would be Frances most powerful ruler He saw him and the state as one I am the State

11. Childhood When Louis was little nobles threatened his life with violence He would never forget how the nobles threatened him.

12. Louis Comes to Power People accept absolute monarchs because they did not like the disorder and fighting It was a stable government

13. Once in Power Weakened power of the nobles by excluding them from councils Increased power of tax collectors Had three goals for France Attain economic, political, and cultural brilliance

14. Life Style Surrounded himself with luxury Had 500 cooks Had 100 nobles help him get dressed You wanted to help to get recognized

15. Louis and France Fall In 1600 France strongest country in Europe Has 20 million people and army up to 400,000. Europe beat him by forming an alliance of all European nations He regretted his last years because he saw how the wars he caused hurt France His rule would led to the French rev

16. Peter the Great One of Russia greatest reformers Serfdom lasted in Russia until mid 1880 When land sold serfs go with land Russia knew little of Europe

17. Russia No warm water sea port Dutch and Germans usually reached Moscow and had to stay in a separate part of the city Most Russian were Eastern Orthodox

18. Peter Goes West Believed that Russia’s future depended on it having a warm water port Traveled to western Europe to learn customs and industrial techniques Absolute Power Peters goal was to compete with the west Westernization Using western Europe for a model of change

19. Reforms Introduced potatoes Started Russia’s first newspaper Let women attended social gatherings Ordered nobles to wear western clothes instead of traditional clothes New capital Built St. Petersburg as a warm water port

20. England Charles the I Weakened Monarchy Would not imprison subjects without due cause Would not levy taxes without parliaments consent Would not house soldiers in private homes Would not impose martial law in peace time

21. Constitutional Monarchy Laws limit the rulers power

22. Bill of Rights No suspending of parliaments laws No levying of taxes without a speech from parliament No interfering with freedom without a speech in parliament No penalty for citizens who petitions the king about grievances

23. Magna Carta Guarantees basic political rights No taxation without representation A jury and protection of the law

24. John Locke Natural Rights –Life, liberty, property Believed that people learn from experience and improve Have natural ability to govern own affairs If people are not happy with government they have right to overthrow it. Government to protect natural rights

25. Scientific Revolution Heliocentric Theory –Plants rotate around the Sun. –This theory contradicted the religious community.

26. Galileo Law of pendulum –Each circle same speed Gravity –All objects accelerate to a predictable speed. –All objects fall at the same rate

27. Newton Discovered the laws of gravity