1. Translation Concept, History and Development.
Lecture -1-
Translation Concept, History and Development.

2. The Concept of Translation
Intralingual Translation (rewording): the translation of word-signs by means of other verbal signs within the same language.
Interlingual Translation (translation proper): the interpretation of verbal signs in one language by means of some other language.
Intersemiotic Translation (transmutation):the interpretation of verbal signs by means of non-verbal sign systems such as gestural, mathematical or musical systems.
Mehrash, 2003

3. What is Translation Studies?
When has the study of translation as an academic subject begun?
1- The English-Speaking World.
2- The Arabic and Islamic World.
The proliferation of Specialized translation & interpreting courses
The proliferation of Associations, conferences, books and journals on translation.
The Dutch-based US scholar James Holmes (1972/ 1988)
Snell-Hornby 1995
Baker 1998

4. History of the Discipline
Translations of the scriptures.
An element of modern language learning courses.
The North American translation workshop.
Comparative literature
Contrastive analysis
Richards 1920
Nida 1964
Catford 1965

5. Holmes’s Map Translation Studies Pure Applied theoretical descriptive
General partial product Process function
oriented oriented oriented
translator translation
translation
training aids
criticism
medium area rank text-type time problem
restricted rest. rest. rest rest rest.

6. The Applied Branch of TS.
Translator Translation aids Translation
training criticism
Teaching testing curriculum revision review
ev. methods techniques design evaluation of
translations
CAT tools dictionaries grammars
machine translation online use of
translation software databases internet

7. Interdisciplinarity of the field
Linguistic
Modern languages and language studies
Comparative literature
Cultural studies
Philosophy
Sociology and history