1. The Big Bang

2. Big Bang Theory A well tested Scientific Theory Widely accepted by the Scientific Community It explains the development of the Universe

3. Big Bang Video V.1 Stephen Hawking Video

4. Big Bang Graphic

5. Summary of the Big Bang The Universe is 13.7 billion years old The Universe started as an extremely Hot & dense state which rapidly expanded As the Universe expanded it cooled As the Universe cooled energy was converted into various subatomic particles Eventually sub-atomic particles form simple elements hydrogen and helium

6. Summary continued Giant Clouds of these simple elements would condense together through gravity and formed stars Large elements (iron, oxygen, carbon, chlorine etc.) formed in stars and supernovas. The Universe continues to expand today

7. Video V.2 What was there before the Big Bang

8. Evidence for the Big Bang Galaxies are still moving away from each other – This phenomenon was discovered by Edwin Hubble in 1929 – Red Shift – Doppler Affect – Observation supports the expansion of the Universe that was initially caused by the Big Bang Comic Radiation – The Universe emits radiation which is remnant of the initial heat of the Big Bang.

10. After the Big Bang

11. ENERGY & MASS The infant Universe was searingly HOT! It was full of energy of intense radiation. Albert Einstein’s equation E=mc2 says that mass and energy are interchangeable. – so one can be turned into the other. So in the early Universe Energy was converted into matter (stuff with mass)

12. the atom Basic unit of matter = atom Consists of: – Central Nucleus Contains protons and neutrons – Cloud of Electrons Bound to nucleus via electromagnetic force

13. subatomic particles Three main Subatomic Particles: – protons (p + ) – neutrons (n 0 ) – electrons (e - )

14. Expansion & Cooling After the Big Bang the Universe expanded rapidly. As it expanded it cooled. As it cooled, matter began attracted to each other and the four forces of the Universe were born.

15. Four Forces of the Universe 1.Gravity: Mass is attracted to Mass 2.Strong Force: the force between the protons and neutrons of the nucleus of atoms. It holds the nucleus together. 3.Weak Force: An attraction between hydrogen atoms. Causes nuclear fusion between hydrogen atoms, it is the reason the sun burns. 4.Electromagnetism: Attraction between charged particles (e.g.protons & electrons). It is the force that holds atoms together.

16. Birth of the simple Elements of the periodic table

17. The first elements Hydrogen formed: As the Universe cooled the strong force pulled a proton and neutron together to form hydrogen nuclei. Helium forms -- Eventually two protons and two neutrons were attracted to each other via strong force and helium nuclei were formed. Lithium forms: Three protons & three neutrons come together become lithium

18. Helium

19. Hydrogen

20. Lithium

21. Galaxies Form Clumps of dark matter attract Hydrogen and Helium gas through the force of gravity These clouds form huge clouds will eventually become galaxies.

22. Stars Form A star is formed when a large amount of hydrogen gas starts to collapse on itself due to gravity. As the atoms collide the release a lot of heat energy. Eventually colliding nuclei hydrogen will fuse and form helium. This nuclear fusion causes a huge release of energy like a nuclear bomb. This nuclear fusion is what causes stars to burn.

23. Nuclear Fusion – Formation of stars

24. V.4 Formation of Stars Video Stephen Hawking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =9EnBBIx6XkM http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =9EnBBIx6XkM

27. Stars Die, Heavier Elements form Eventually stars run out of hydrogen gas and this causes the stars to contract and heat up more. This increase in heat and pressure causes helium atoms to fusion with other helium and hydrogen atoms. This forms heavier elements such as carbon, oxygen Sometimes large stars will explode when they run out of hydrogen gas becoming supernovas, this explosion causes the formation of even heavier elements.

28. V.5 Formation of Elements of Stars and supernovas in Stephen Hawking Video http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =tXV9mtY1AoI&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =tXV9mtY1AoI&feature=related

32. V.6 Formation of our Solar System Stephen Hawking http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =Uhy1fucSRQI&feature=relmfu http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =Uhy1fucSRQI&feature=relmfu