1. TWO SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT Civilization Means Native Americans would become farmers Would convert to Christianity Own individual land Learn to read and write English Become Americans Removal People thought that civilization would never succeed Only reasonable solution was to settle the Americans in the West

2. INDIAN REMOVAL ACT Issued in 1830 The act allowed the federal government to pay Native Americans to move west Jackson sent officials to make treaties with Native American In 1834, Congress created the Indian Territory, present-day Oklahoma, for Native Americans to relocate to

3. FORCED MIGRATION, 1830-1840

4. THE CHEROKEE NATION Refused to give up their land A treaty signed in the 1790s recognized the Cherokees in Georgia as a separate nation Georgia however refused to recognize Cherokee laws When the federal government would not come to the Cherokee nation’s aid, they sued the state of Georgia The Supreme Court ruled that Georgia had no right to interfere with the Cherokee nation Jackson ignored this ruling saying, “John Marshall has made is decision, now let him enforce it”

5. TRAIL OF TEARS The federal government persuaded a small number- about 500- Cherokee members to sign a treaty giving up their land In 1838, General Winfield Scott threatened to use force if the Native Americans did not leave The Cherokee leaders gave in and started the long march west Nearly 2,000 Cherokee died in camps waiting for the move to begin and another 2,000 died along the way from starvation, disease, and exposure to brutal weather

6. REMOVAL OF NATIVE AMERICANS

7. TRAIL OF TEARS http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of- tears/videos#jackson-cherokees-tariffs-and- nullification http://www.history.com/topics/trail-of- tears/videos#jackson-cherokees-tariffs-and- nullification

8. GUIDED QUESTION Why did some people in the 1830s support Indian Removal?