1. Indirect Statement

2. In English an indirect statement consists of a independent clause that uses a verb of thinking, knowing, hearing, perceiving, etc., and a dependent noun clause which is usually introduced by the word that. Example: Niobe said that she had many sons and daughters. Niobe dixit se multos filios et multas filias habere. Nota bene: se is an important reflexive pronoun which often introduces indirect statements. It reflect the subject and can mean: he, she, it, or they Some Latin verbs that introduce indirect statement are: audio – I hear sentio -- I feel video – I see scio -- I know dico -- I say cerno -- I discern ostendo -- I show monstro – I show (cog)nosco --I recognize puto -- I think spero -- I hope insto – I threaten What Is Indirect Statement?

3. The translation of the infinitive in the indirect statement depends upon the tense of the main verb. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is present tense and the infinitive is present tense then the infinitive will be translated as a present tense verb. Example: Present Active Infinitive Dico pueros vocare. I say that the boys are calling. Present Passive Infinitive Dico pueros vocari. I say that the boys are called.

4. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is past tense and the infinitive is present tense then the infinitive will be translated as a past tense verb. Example: Present Active Infinitive Dixi pueros vocare. I said that the boys called. Present Passive Infinitive Dixi pueros vocari. I said that the boys were called.

5. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is present tense and the infinitive is perfect tense then the infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “ have. ” Example: Perfect Active Infinitive Dico pueros vocavisse. I say that the boys have called. Perfect Passive Infinitive Dico pueros vocatos esse. I say that the boys have been called.

6. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is past tense and the infinitive is perfect tense then the infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “ had. ” Example: Perfect Active Infinitive Dixi pueros vocavisse. I said that the boys had called. Perfect Passive Infinitive Dixi pueros vocatos esse. I said that the boys had been called.

7. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is present tense and the infinitive is future tense then the infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “ will. ” Example: Future Active Infinitive Dico pueros vocaturos esse. I say that the boys will call.

8. How to Translate an Indirect Statement If the main verb is past tense and the infinitive is future tense then the infinitive will be translated with the helping verb “ would. ” Example: Future Active Infinitive Dixi pueros vocaturos esse. I said that the boys would call.

9. How to Translate an Indirect Statement Main VerbInfinitiveTranslation of the Infinitive Present PastPresentPast PresentPerfectHave verbed PastPerfectHad verbed PresentFutureWill verb PastFutureWould verb Memorize the chart below to assist you in translating an indirect statement.

10. Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar says that he will conquer Gaul. Caesar dicit se Galliam ____________. a. victurum esse b. victum esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

11. Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar said that Gaul had been conquered by him. Caesar dixit Galliam a se ______________. a. victuram esse b. Victam esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

12. Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar says that he conquered Gaul. Caesar dicit se Galliam _____________. a. victurum esse b. victum esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

13. Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar says that he has conquered Gaul. Caesar dicit se Galliam ____________ a. victurum esse b. victum esse c. vincere d. vicisse next

14. Choose the correct form of the infinitive: Caesar said that he would conquer Gaul. Caesar dixit se Galliam _________________. a. victurum esse b. Victum esse c. vinci d. vincere