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OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson.

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Presentation on theme: "OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson."— Presentation transcript:

1 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. OB on the Edge Stress at Work

2 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. What is Stress? A situation that creates excessive psychological or physiological demands on a person

3 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. General Adaptation Syndrome Alarm –Body tries to meet initial challenge of stressor Increased respiration, raised blood pressure, dilated pupils, tensed muscles Resistance Fatigue, anxiety, and tension Exhaustion –Prolonged and continual exposure to stressor

4 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Effects of Stress Not necessarily bad –Athletes or stage performers can use stress to perform close to peak level But –Students putting off studying until the last minute and then developing the flu does not result in peak performance

5 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Potential Sources of Stress Changes in the workplace –Competition and change –Technological change –Increasingly diverse workforce –Downsizing –Employee empowerment and teamwork –Work/home conflict

6 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Consequences of Stress Physiological symptoms –E.g., increased blood pressure, headaches, heart attacks Psychological symptoms –E.g., job dissatisfaction, tension, anxiety, irritability, boredom, procrastination Behavioural symptoms –Changes in productivity, absence, turnover, eating habits, smoking, drinking, etc.

7 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Individual Differences in Experiencing Stress Perception Job experience Social support Belief in locus of control Hostility

8 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Individual Approaches to Managing Stress Time management Physical activity Relaxation techniques Building social support

9 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Helping Employees Manage Stress Selection and placement decisions Goal setting Redesigning jobs Increasing employee involvement Increasing organizational communication Providing organizational wellness programs

10 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. FactBox One in three Canadians between the ages of 25 and 44 claims to be a workaholic. 38% of people in management report being workaholics. 85% of married women who are employed full-time and have at least one child at home, and 75% of similarly situated men, say that weekdays are too short to accomplish what needs to get done. The financial cost to companies because employees are trying to balance work and family obligations is estimated to be at least $2.7 billion a year.

11 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. FactBox 25% of white-collar workers and 40% of blue- collar workers had a stress-related absence in 1998. The cost of this to companies is $12 billion. 1/3 of Canadians don’t take all of their vacation days, saving their employers $8 billion a year. When Canadians do go on holiday, 36% of them take work, and check their office voice mail and email.

12 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Tips for Reducing Stress At least two or three times a week, spend time with supportive friends or family. Ask for support when you’re under pressure. This is a sign of health, not weakness. If you have spiritual or religious beliefs, increase or maintain your involvement. Use a variety of methods to reduce stress. Consider exercise, nutrition, hobbies, positive thinking, and relaxation techniques such as meditation or yoga.

13 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Reducing Stress in the Workplace Avoid electronic monitoring of staff. Personal supervision generates considerably less stress. Allow workers time to recharge after periods of intense or demanding work. Important information that significantly affects employees is best transmitted face to face. Encourage positive social interactions between staff to promote problem-solving around work issues and increase emotional support. Staff need balance between privacy and social interaction at work. Extremes can generate stress.

14 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. FaceOff When organizations provide on-site daycare facilities, they are filling a needed role in parents’ lives, and making it easier for parents to attend to their job demands rather than worry about child-care arrangements. When employees expect organizations to provide child care, they are shifting their responsibilities to their employers, rather than keeping their family needs and concerns private. Moreover, it’s unfair to give child-care benefits when not all employees have children.

15 OB on the Edge (Stress), Stephen P. Robbins and Nancy Langton, Fundamentals of Organizational Behaviour, Second Canadian Edition. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education Canada Inc. Your Perspective 1.Think of all of the technological changes that have happened in the workplace in recent years, including e- mail, faxes, and intranets, etc. What are the positive benefits of all of this change? What are the down sides to this change? As an employee facing the demand to “stay connected” to your workplace, how would you try to maintain a balance in your life? 2.How much responsibility should individuals take for managing their own stress? To what extent should organizations become involved in the personal lives of their employees when trying to help them manage stress? What are the pros and cons for whether employees or organizations take responsibility for managing stress?


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