1. Immigration to Canada Ms. Dow Socials 10

2. Key Knowledge Points ► Why did Immigrants choose Canada?  “push” and “pull” factors ► How did Canada encourage Immigration?  What was the open door policy? ► Why might some people have been against immigration in Canada?  Who “closed the door” on immigration? Why?

3. Push and Pull Factors ► Pull: Factors that are “pulling” settlers to Canada ► Push: Factors that are “pushing people from their homeland ***************************** ► USE PAGE 252, 253 to fill out the organizer on your notes sheet listing push and pull factors for the different settlers to Canada.

4. Pull Factors ► Gold Rush ► Jobs in the resource industries (fish, lumber, mining…) ► Free land to settlers ► Better standard of living

5. Push Factors ► Overcrowding ► Poverty/Famine ► No land ► Political restrictions ► Rigid social system

6. Clifford Sifton ► Laurier’s Minister of the Interior until 1905 ► He was committed to bringing settlers to the Prairies. To do this, Canada’s immigration Department offered free homestead lands

7. Immigration Posters ► Canada openly advertised for immigrants trying to “fill up the West” ► 2 million of these posters were sent around the world

10. ► By 1903, Immigration Branch advertisements were carried in 1,700 American newspapers and periodicals, with a combined circulation of over 7,000,000.

11. Clifford Sifton ► Millions of pamphlets, newspaper ads, and posters were used but also PUBLIC LECTURES ► All references to cold and snow were banned in these advertisements

12. Immigrant Groups BritishAmericanE. Europe BlackLoyalistsAsian KanakasJewish FrenchIrish Immigration was easier for some than others. Many were escaping hard lives and arrived in Canada to face poor working and living conditions and discrimination.

13. Clifford Sifton ► There were three main sources of immigrants in the Laurier era; Britain, US and Eastern Europe ► The immigrants from Eastern and central Europe had an advantage on the Prairies because their ecosystem at home was similar

14. Clifford Sifton ► Settlers from many European countries came; including people from Russia, Poland and Ukraine ► “I do not care what language a man speaks, or what religion he professes, if he is honest and law-abiding, if he will go on that land and make a living for himself and his family, he is a desirable settler for the Dominion of Canada; and the people of Canada will never succeed in populating Manitoba and the North-west until we act practically on that idea.”

15. Closing to Door on Immigration ► The people of Canada had strong opinions when it came to the policies of immigration. ► Business owners liked it because the growth meant a cheap pool of labour, but many groups had a negative view on the rising numbers of immigrants to Canada.

16. Closing the Door on Immigration ► There were 4 main reasons that some people opposed immigration:  The immigrants were a threat to people’s job security.  The immigrants would change the British character of the country.  French- Canadians feared that their culture would be further threatened by a decline in their percentage of the population.  People of African or Asian decent were not accepted by many Canadians (there was deep seeded racism.)

17. 1905 Clifford Sifton Out

18. Frank Oliver, Minister of Interior 1905 ► In 1905, Frank Oliver replaced Clifford Sifton as Minister of the Interior. He wanted to reduce the number of non- European immigrants.

19. Chinese Head Tax ► Federal government limited Chinese immigration in 1885 ► $50 head tax for any Chinese immigrant to enter Canada ► Continually increased until it was $500!

20. Asiatic Exclusion League ► Opponents of immigration formed the Asiatic Exclusion League. This group pressured the government to stop Japanese immigrants from coming to Canada. ► This group was responsible for the Anti- Asian riots in Vancouver in 1907 (physical destruction of Chinatown and Japanese areas in Vancouver)

21. Continuous Passage ► Gurdit Singh ► The federal government passed the Continuous Passage Act which required all immigrants to come to Canada by a non- stop route. ► In 1914, a Sikh businessman chartered a ship called the Komagata Maru. It transported Sikh immigrants from Hong Kong to Vancouver.

22. Continuous Passage ► The people on the ship were trapped there for 2 months and almost starved to death. ► Finally, after 60 days, the Komagata Maru was escorted out of Vancouver Harbour by the navy.

23. Next Class… ► We will get the chance to look in more detail into some of these immigration issues as they relate to human rights ► We will also look at human rights violations involving women and Chinese workers for the CPR

24. Key Understandings Sooooooo… ► Why did Immigrants choose Canada?  “push” and “pull” factors? ► How did Canada encourage Immigration?  What was the open door policy? ► Why might some people have been against immigration in Canada?  Who “closed the door” on immigration? Why?