1. Eric Erikson Psychological Stages Ages 6-12 School age: Industry vs. inferiority –Expand understanding of world –Develop gender-role identity –Learn basic skills required for school success –Achieve a sense of industry, which refers to setting and attaining personal goals. –Failure to do so results in a sense of inadequacy

2. Eric Erikson Psychological Stages Ages 12-18 Adolescence: Identity vs. role confusion –Time of transition between childhood and adulthood –A time of testing limits –Breaking ties –Clarification of self-identity, life goals, & life’s meaning. –Failure to achieve sense of identity results in role confusion

3. Separation/Individuation Separation : –Abandonment vs. engulfment

4. A Comparison of Twos and Teens Twos 1. Rebel against parental requests 2. Are “fearfully fascinated” with peers 3. Need constant reassurance of parental presence,, i.e., “quietly available” parents. 4. Issues of control: –A. Toilet Training –B. The clenched teeth of 18-month-olds who will not eat. 5. will not share toys. 6. Struggle to dominate in play. 7. Put things into their mouths, from buttons to bugs. Teens 1. Rebel against parental requests 2. Are “fearfully fascinated” with peers 3. Need constant reassurance of parental presence,, i.e., “quietly available” parents. 4. Issues of control: –A. Curfew setting –B. The defiant refusal of 14-year-olds to talk to their parents. 5. will not share boys (guard love relationships possessively) 6. Struggle to dominate in peer approval. 7. Put things into their mouths, from alcohol to drugs.

5. Developing a consistent identity Try on identities like so many changes of clothes. Developing a solid sense of self is a painful process. Exploration/experimentation can lead to dead-ends/failed experiments. How did you figure out what fit for you?

6. Developing a Peer-Group Identity “Where do I fit in?” Egocentric: need for peer acceptance is greater than needs for self-esteem. All other developmental tasks are tied to peer-group identity.

7. Attainment of Sexual Identity Dealing with normal sexual fantasies, Unspoken fears, Misinformation

8. Development of Personal Value System Children adopt parent’s values. During adolescence, all previously held values are questioned…but perhaps not changed. Black and white thinking takes on shades of grey as moral development evolves.

9. Development of Life Goals for the Future Explore a variety of interests in course work Try out other interests through special interest clubs, summer jobs, “externships”

10. Five Polarities of Adolescence 1. Rebellion from adult control / need for direction 2. Wish for closeness / fear of intimacy 3. Push and test limits / see limits as sign of caring 4. Think of future / oriented to present 5. Sexually mature / cognitively not ready to experience sexuality

11. 11 Slide 3 for Chapter 7 Marcia’s (1989) Modification of Erikson’s Theory Achievement Moratorium Foreclosure Diffusion

12. 12 Slide 1 for Chapter 7 Ginzberg’s Stages of Career Development Fantasy stage- up to 12 Tentative stage Development of interests-11 to 13 Development of capacities- 13, 14 Development of values-15, 16 Transition-17, 18