1. Soil organic carbon response to harvested crops: a comparison between biogeochemistry model versions Beth Drewniak

2. Background/Motivation  CLM4.5 – harvest puts grain into litter pools  Microbes = Happy  Farmers = Sad  But, removing grain has a big impact on the carbon cycle CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 2 http://www.sipcamadvanblog.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/corn_harvest.jpg

3. First: Calculate Yields  Calculate grain yield (adapted from Agro-IBIS): Yield = grainc * fyield * convfact / cgrain  grainc = grain carbon (g/m 2 )  fyield = adjustment factor for portion of grain that is actually harvested  convfact = conversion to get from g/m 2 to bu/acre  cgrain = amount of carbon in grain (0.45) CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 3

4. Harvesting Grain  Grain carbon and nitrogen pushed into product pool  Decays over 1-yr  Can be coupled to atmosphere as respiration  Option to put leaves and stems into product pool, currently not used CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 4

5. Yields when crops are harvested CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 5

6. PTCLM: Bondville, IL Ameriflux site BGC vs. CN CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 6 Photo Courtesy of David Cook

7. Gross Primary Productivity at Bondville, IL under a corn-soybean rotation CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 7 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

8. Net Ecosystem Exchange at Bondville, IL CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 8 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

9. CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 9 Corn at Bondville, IL

10. CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 10 Soybean at Bondville, IL

11. What about Soil Carbon? …and other crazy plots CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 11

12. At Bondville, IL CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 12 Year

13. Crazy corn yields – increasing, and huge variability Other crops are OK CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 13 Year

14. A global perspective CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 14

15. Conclusions  Harvest does have an effect on plant productivity  BGC works great for corn, CN works better for soybean  Harvest results in a decrease in SOC for CN, but not for BGC –Increases in SOC result in increasing yield  Model needs to be properly spun up with crops CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 15

16. Future Directions  CSI (Corn Scenario Investigation) to resolve the corn yield –Run with other atmospheric forcing data?  Calibrate parameters – in progress for soybean  Start testing residue harvest  Incorporate other management practices CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 16

17. Thanks CLM Working Group Meeting, February 24-27, 2014 17 Acknowledgements This work was supported by the Office of Biological and Environmental Research, U.S. Department of Energy, under Contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. Numerical simulations were performed with resources provided by “Fusion,” a 320-node computing cluster operated by the Laboratory Computing Resource Center at Argonne National Laboratory and the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center, supported by the Office of Science and US Department of Energy Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231.