1. Dowel Balancing Summer 2006

2. There were three independent variables The hand in which the dowel was placed (left or right) The verbal task (no talking, saying the alphabet, or saying the alphabet backwards) Gender (a quasi experimental variable) (men or women)

3. Was there a main effect of gender? GenderMeanStd. Error Women4.169.915 Men8.6351.247 It appears that men hand longer balance times, but was it significant? Check the Sig column in the next slide, if that value is less than.05, the result is reliable and you have a reliable main effect.

4. Source Sum of df Mean FSig Squares Square. Gender 544.388 1 544.388 8.332.010 Error1176.114 18 65.340 Because the Sig (p value) is less than.05 we found that men did in fact have longer balance times than women.

5. Was balance time longer in the right than the left hand? HandplacementMeanStd. Error Left7.205.864 Right5.599.752 It appears that balance times were longer in the right than in the left hand. But was this reliable? The next slide indicates the probability that the results were reliable.

6. Hand Placement – main effect Source Sum of df Mean FSig Squares Square. Hand 70.4231 70.423 11.151.004 Error 113.678 18 6.315 Because the sig level is less than.05 we can say that balance times were longer in the left hand

7. Did Verbal Task Influence Balance time? VerbaltMeanStd. Error No talking 4.679.505 Alphabet10.1741.445 Backward 4.353.496 It appears that balance times were longest when saying the alphabet forwards, but is it reliable?

8. Source Sum of df Mean F Sig Squares Square. Verbal Task778.8622389.431 26.970.000 Error519.8223614.440 Yes, balance times were long in the alphabet forwards condition

9. Gender by hand placement interaction GenderhandplaMeanStd. Error WomenLeft4.8621.022 Right3.477.890 MenLeft9.5491.393 Right7.7211.213 It appears that there was more of a difference between left and right hand for men than for women

10. Source Sum of df Mean F Sig Squares Square. hand * gender 1.33911.339.212.651 Error 113.678 186.315 Because the sig is greater than.05, this interaction was not reliable

11. The gender by verbal task interaction GenderverbaltMeanStd. Error WomenNotalk2.852.598 Alpha6.5881.709 Back3.068.586 MenNotalk6.505.815 Alpha 3.7612.330 Back5.639.799 Looks like men had short balance times when saying the alphabet

12. Source Sum of df Mean F Sig Squares Square. Verbaltask * Gender105.386 252.693 3.649.036 Error519.8223614.440 Yes, men were more influenced by verbal task than women

13. Hand placement by verbal task HandVerbal MeanStd. Error LeftNotalk 3.774.317 Alpha 3.8961.930 Back 3.946.470 Right Notalk 5.583.753 Alpha 6.4531.214 Back 4.761.581

14. Did handplacement interact with verbal task? Source Sum of df Mean F Sig Squares Square. handplacement * Verbaltask 469.512 22 34.756 28.684.000 Error 294.633 36 8.184

15. Did men have a problem balancing in the right hand while saying the alphabet backwards? GenderhandplaverbaltMean Std. Error WomenLeftNotalk2.781.375 Alpha9.0672.283 Back2.737.556 RightNotalk2.924.891 Alpha4.1081.436 Back3.398.688 MenLeftNotalk4.767.512 Alpha 8.7243.112 Back5.154.757 RightNotalk8.2431.215 Alpha8.7971.957 Back6.123.938

16. Results from the three way interaction Source Sum of df Mean F Sig Squares Square. handplacement * verbaltask * gender80.307240.1534.906.013 Error 294.633 36 8.184 Yes, as predicted, men are more lateralized than women